@article {605,
	title = {Genetic Differentiation despite teleplanic larval dispersal: Allozyme variation in sipunculans of the Apionsoma misakianum species complex},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {WE EXAMINED THE GEN. EVID. FRO DISPERSL IN THE SIP A.M. BY ANAL OF ALLOZ. (USING A TOTAL OF 9 POLYMORPH. LOCI) IN LARVAL \& ADULT SAMPLES. GENOTYPES OF ADULTS REARED FROM LATE STAGE LARVAE COLLECTED FROM THE FL. CURRENT WERE COMPARED WITH GENOT. OF ADULTS FROM 3 LOCATIONS: EASTER CENTRAL FL., FL. KEYS, BAHAMAS. GE. EIFF. FOUND BET. INDIV. FRM SOUTHERN LOCAL. \& MAJORITY OF SPECIMENS FROM THE NORTHERN LOC. THE MULTILOCUS G{\textquoteright}TYPES OF SP. RREARED FRM LARV. OF FL. CURR. WERE CHAR. OF SPECI. FRM FL. KEYS \& BAHAM. DESPITE EVID. FOR LARV. INFLUX N{\textquoteright}WARD INTO THE CENTRL FL. AREA VIA THE FL. CURR., THE S. G{\textquoteright}TYPES WERE PRESENT IN ONLY A FEW ADULTS COLLECTED. (4.5\%) AT A NORTHERN SITE, W{\textquoteright} NO INDICATION OF "HYBRIDS" OCCURING BETWEEN NORTHERN \& SOUTHERN G{\textquoteright}TYPES BASED ON ALLOZYMES (I.E. HETEROZYGOTES). FURTHERMORE, GENETIC SEPARATION OF THE N \& S G{\textquoteright}TYPES COINCIDES W{\textquoteright} A FAUNAL BOUNDRY NOTED FOR OTHER SPECIES.},
	pages = {467-480},
	author = {Staton, J. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {533,
	title = {A survey of the Sipuncula of the Indian River Lagoon},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ABST; FROM 22 STAT. IN THE IND. RIV.LAG. RANGING FROM HAULOVER CANAL IN THE NORTH TO ST. LUCIE IN THE SOUTH 18 SP. OF SIPS ARE REPORTED. HABITATS INCLUDE OYSTER BEDS, SUBTIDEAL AND INTERTIDAL SANDS, SEA-GRASS BEDS AND SEA WALLS. THE GREATEST JNUMBER OF SP OCCURS NEAR INLETS: SABASTIAN, FR. PIERCE, \& ST. LUCIE. THE MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN THE I.R.LAG. IS P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM AVER. 3 CM. IN LENGTH. USUALLY BURIED IN THE UPPER 5 CM. OF SANDY SEDIMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SEAGRASS BEDS IT INHABITS DISCARDED GASTROPOD SHELLS IN SHALLOW WATGERS THRUOUT THE LAG.. DEVELOPMENT IS DIRECT, A CRAWLING VERMIFORM STAGE HATCHING FROM EGG COVERINGS WITHIN 2 DAYS. THE SECOND MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTYED SIP. IS THEMISTE LAGENIFORMIS, ATTAINING A MAXIMUM EXTENDED LENGTH OF 4 CM.. OCCURING MOST COMMONLY NEAR THE INLETS OF FT. PIERCE \& ST. LUCIE, IT IS ASSOCIATED EITHER WITH OYSTER BEDS, WHERE IT LIVES IN AND AMAONAG THE SHELLS, OR WITH THE ENCRUSTING FAUNA ON SEAWALLS, AMONG THE VERMATID SNAILS, SPONGES, AND TUNICATES. IN OYSTER BEDS NEAR FT. PIERCE IT OCCURS IN DENSITIES AS GREAT AS 2100/SQ.M.. THIS SP. IS PARTHENOGENIC; IT{\textquoteright}S DEVELOPMENT INCLUDES AQ SHORT-LIVED, NON FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAL STAGE. OTHER SPECIES, FOUND MOSTLY IN SMALL NUMBERS NEAR THE INLETS, ARE CHARACTERIZED GENERALLY BY DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS WITH LONG-LIVED FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAE. WHETHER THEY EXTABLISH BREEDING POPULATIONS IN THE IND.R.LAG. HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED. SECT. HEADS: MAT \& METH; SYST. SURV. DISTRIB. HABITS. SIP.NUDUS, S.J POLYMYOTUS, XENO. SP. SIPH. CUMANENSE, S. INGENS, SIPH. SP.. NEPH. PELLUCIDUM, P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM, TH. ALUTACEA, TH. LAGENIFORMIS, ANT. ANT. PH. PERLUCENS, PH. VARIENS (*=NIGRESCENS) / ASP. FISCHERI, SPINOSOSCUTATUS(*=PARVULUS), ASP. STEENSTRUPII, ASP. SP..},
	pages = {128-135},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Piraino, J. and Reichardt, H. F.}
}
@article {525,
	title = {Observations on development and metamorphosis of Siphonosoma cumanense with comparative remarks on Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula, Sipunculidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ABST: THE DEVEL OF S.C. DESCRIBED FROM FERTILIZ THRU TROCHOPHORE \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA LARVAL STAGES \& METAM OF PELAG. TO JUVINLE. THE PLANTO. PELAGOSPHERA LARVA BECOMES COMPETENT TO METAM AT 8 WKS OF AGE, AT WHICH TIME METAM CAN BE INDUCED BY EXPOS TO SEDIMENT PREVIOUSLY OCCUPIED BY ADULTS OF THIS SPP. THE RESEMBL OF THIS PEL. LARV. REARED IN THE LAB FROM KNOWN ADULTS TO THAT OF AN OCEANIC LARVA FREQUENTLY COLLECTED IN THE GULF ST. SYST. CONFIRMS THE PREVIOUSLY TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF THE OCEANIC LARV AS S.C. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY IN WHICH A SIP SP KNOWN TO POSSESS A PLANKTONIC OCEANIC LARVA HAS BEEN REARED IN THE LAB FROM FERT > JUVIN. COMPARISON OF DEVEL OF S.C. \& S.N. BOTH IN SAME FAMILY SHOW MARKED DIFFERENCES. WHEREAS IN S.C. THE DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF SPP IN OTHER FAMILIES OF SIP WHICH HAVE PLANKTO DEVELOPMENT, IN S.N. THE EMBRYO DIFFERS IN THAT IT IS ENCLOSED BY CILIATED CELLS WHICH ARE PRESUMED HOMOLOGUES TO THE PROTOTROCH CELLS OF OTHER SPP, AND, AT TRANSFORMATION TO THE PELAGOSPHERA, IT CASTS OFF THESE CELLS AS THE ENTIRE OVERLYING EGG ENVELOPE. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE PECULIAR DEVELOP. FEATURES OF S.N. ARE NOT CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FAMILY SIP{\textquoteright}DAE \& CAN BE CONSIDERED AS HIGHLY MODIFIED WITHIN THE PHYLUM. *(GO TO F4) FIRST SENTENCE, REFERS TO 4 FAMILIES AS PER S\&E!! COLLECTED IN PUERTO RICO; SPAWN IN SEPT/OCT; BOTH NEPH AT SAME TIME - FORCEFUL; MALES ALSO BUT DIDN{\textquoteright}T CLEAR THE BURROW AS MUCH AS FEMALES. FEMALES ALL GONE AT ONCE, MALES REPEATED SMALL BURSTS OVER EXTENDED PERIOD (UP TO 2 HRS \& UP TO 55/HR). EGGS SPHERICL. \& AVER. 122UM DIAM. EGG ENVELOPE 5-6UM THICK W DISTINCT PORES; SPERMATOZOA IS OF PRIMATIVE TYPE W ROUNDED HEAD, BASAL MITOCHONDRIA SPHERES AND ELONGATE TAIL. DEVELOPMENT: 8 CELLS AFTER 1H,50MIN \& 4D CELL BIG, OTHER MACRO \& MICRO SMALL \& EQUAL TO EACH OTHER. 4HRS > BLASTOMERE W EQUATORIAL PROTOTROCH \& FEW APICAL CILIA; BY 7 HRS ACTIVE SWIMMING; BY 11 HRS POSIT. PHOTOTROPIC. ... 48 HRS GUT W 3 PARTS> ESOPH, STOM, INTEST;= TROCHOPHORE. AT 58 HRS SECRETE MUCUS FROM TAIL \& ATTACH TO ONE ANOTHER. ... META TO PELAGOSP AT 60-70 HRS. MOUTH OPENS IN VENTRAL PRETROCH.. EGG ENVELOPE RUPT. FOR ANUS TOO. POSTERIOR TERMINAL ORGAN FORMS \& PROTOTROCH LOST \& METATROCH FORMS. ... 14 DAY LARVA FEEDS ON PHYTOPL. OR BOTTOM DETRITUS. TERMIN. ATTACHMENT ORGAN WELL FORMED.. ATTACH FOR SHORT PERIODS - *PICK UP AT 6 WEEKS* * GO TO RICE2.MON},
	pages = {1-15},
	keywords = {development, siph. cumanense},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {521,
	title = {Factors influencing larval metamorphosis in Golfingia misakiana (Sipuncula)},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {1986},
	note = {ABST; SETTLEM \& METAM OF G.M. SHOWED THAT SEA WATER PREV. OCCUP BY ADULTS OF THAT SPP. FACILIT SETTL; SUBSTANCE IS HEAT LABILE \& LO MOL. WT. (LESS THAN 500) \& SP. SPECIFIC. STABLE FOR AT LEAST 8 DAYS. RESPOND TO SUBSTANCE ALONE \& NOT NEED SUBSTRATE - SUBST. MAY BE ADSORPTIVE SURFACE, OR FOOD? OR PLACE TO BURROW. TEXT; HISTORY OF SIMILAR WORK - MANY ON HARD SUBSTRATE; FEW RECENT WRKS ON GREGARIOUS SOFT SEDIMENT ANIMALS....; METH \& MATER.; ..PUT VARYING NUMBER OF ADULTS (FROM 75-100M OFF FT.P IN CORAL RUBBLE).. RESPONSE OF LARV. BETTER IF ADULTS WERE STILL THERE BUT STILL WORKED AFTER REMOVED - SO ADULTS RELEASED STUFF; CONDITIONED SEA WATER W \& W{\textquoteright}OUT SUBST. \& LOOKED AT SETTLEMENT; SIGNIF. METAM ONLY IF BOTH PRESENT. MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED? AUTOCLAVING DESTOYED INDUCING FACTOR. SPECIES SPECIFIC; G.PELLUCIA \& A.FISCHERI TREATED WATER DIDN{\textquoteright}T WORK; CONCENTRATION... MOL. WT. OVER 500{\textendash}NOT PRECISE INFO; FREEZING (NO EFFECT) \& HEATING (KILLS IT) STABILITY OVER TIME; PROPERTIES OF SUBST.> PARTICLE SIZE - <63, 63-125, 125-250UM, NO DIFFERENCES; MICROORGANIS; ORGANIC MATTER; GLASS BEADS- NO BURROWING OF ADULTS; CRYOLITE CRUSHED - DIDN{\textquoteright}T WORK EITHER; COMPENTENCY OF LARV; BEST IN JAN \& FEB, DISC \& CONCL ON F4> DISC \& CONCL AS PER ABSTRACT BASICALLY - SIMILAR ATTRIBUTES TO OTHER SUBST. OF OTHER INVERTS. SUBST. MAY BE SYNERGISTIC? BACTERI FILM ON SAND MAY STILL BE IMPORTANT - ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL SLOWS DOWN SETTLEMENT... MUST HAVE SAND.},
	pages = {362-375},
	keywords = {Ap. misakiana, larva, metamorphosis},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
