@article {697,
	title = {Two new species of Nephasoma (Sipuncula: Golfingiidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {122},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {423ASTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:21},
	month = {Mar 20},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Two new species of the genus Nephasoma, phylum Sipuncula, are described from subtropical waters of the western Atlantic. Nephasoma (Nephasoma) columbaris is described from the central east coast of Florida where it is found along the edge of the continental shelf at depths of 61 to 104 m associated with the rubble from the reefs of the deep water coral Oculina varicosa. A second species, Nephasoma (Nephasoma) ditadii, is described from Brazilian waters in sand habitats at 150 m on the continental shelf off the coast of the state of Sao Paulo. Morphology of the two species is compared with allied species in the genus and the phylum. Usage in the taxonomic literature of the diagnostic characters "shield" and "pseudoshield" is reviewed and evaluated.},
	keywords = {revision},
	isbn = {0006-324X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000264469400001},
	author = {Kawauchi, G. Y. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {605,
	title = {Genetic Differentiation despite teleplanic larval dispersal: Allozyme variation in sipunculans of the Apionsoma misakianum species complex},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {WE EXAMINED THE GEN. EVID. FRO DISPERSL IN THE SIP A.M. BY ANAL OF ALLOZ. (USING A TOTAL OF 9 POLYMORPH. LOCI) IN LARVAL \& ADULT SAMPLES. GENOTYPES OF ADULTS REARED FROM LATE STAGE LARVAE COLLECTED FROM THE FL. CURRENT WERE COMPARED WITH GENOT. OF ADULTS FROM 3 LOCATIONS: EASTER CENTRAL FL., FL. KEYS, BAHAMAS. GE. EIFF. FOUND BET. INDIV. FRM SOUTHERN LOCAL. \& MAJORITY OF SPECIMENS FROM THE NORTHERN LOC. THE MULTILOCUS G{\textquoteright}TYPES OF SP. RREARED FRM LARV. OF FL. CURR. WERE CHAR. OF SPECI. FRM FL. KEYS \& BAHAM. DESPITE EVID. FOR LARV. INFLUX N{\textquoteright}WARD INTO THE CENTRL FL. AREA VIA THE FL. CURR., THE S. G{\textquoteright}TYPES WERE PRESENT IN ONLY A FEW ADULTS COLLECTED. (4.5\%) AT A NORTHERN SITE, W{\textquoteright} NO INDICATION OF "HYBRIDS" OCCURING BETWEEN NORTHERN \& SOUTHERN G{\textquoteright}TYPES BASED ON ALLOZYMES (I.E. HETEROZYGOTES). FURTHERMORE, GENETIC SEPARATION OF THE N \& S G{\textquoteright}TYPES COINCIDES W{\textquoteright} A FAUNAL BOUNDRY NOTED FOR OTHER SPECIES.},
	pages = {467-480},
	author = {Staton, J. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {533,
	title = {A survey of the Sipuncula of the Indian River Lagoon},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ABST; FROM 22 STAT. IN THE IND. RIV.LAG. RANGING FROM HAULOVER CANAL IN THE NORTH TO ST. LUCIE IN THE SOUTH 18 SP. OF SIPS ARE REPORTED. HABITATS INCLUDE OYSTER BEDS, SUBTIDEAL AND INTERTIDAL SANDS, SEA-GRASS BEDS AND SEA WALLS. THE GREATEST JNUMBER OF SP OCCURS NEAR INLETS: SABASTIAN, FR. PIERCE, \& ST. LUCIE. THE MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN THE I.R.LAG. IS P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM AVER. 3 CM. IN LENGTH. USUALLY BURIED IN THE UPPER 5 CM. OF SANDY SEDIMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SEAGRASS BEDS IT INHABITS DISCARDED GASTROPOD SHELLS IN SHALLOW WATGERS THRUOUT THE LAG.. DEVELOPMENT IS DIRECT, A CRAWLING VERMIFORM STAGE HATCHING FROM EGG COVERINGS WITHIN 2 DAYS. THE SECOND MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTYED SIP. IS THEMISTE LAGENIFORMIS, ATTAINING A MAXIMUM EXTENDED LENGTH OF 4 CM.. OCCURING MOST COMMONLY NEAR THE INLETS OF FT. PIERCE \& ST. LUCIE, IT IS ASSOCIATED EITHER WITH OYSTER BEDS, WHERE IT LIVES IN AND AMAONAG THE SHELLS, OR WITH THE ENCRUSTING FAUNA ON SEAWALLS, AMONG THE VERMATID SNAILS, SPONGES, AND TUNICATES. IN OYSTER BEDS NEAR FT. PIERCE IT OCCURS IN DENSITIES AS GREAT AS 2100/SQ.M.. THIS SP. IS PARTHENOGENIC; IT{\textquoteright}S DEVELOPMENT INCLUDES AQ SHORT-LIVED, NON FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAL STAGE. OTHER SPECIES, FOUND MOSTLY IN SMALL NUMBERS NEAR THE INLETS, ARE CHARACTERIZED GENERALLY BY DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS WITH LONG-LIVED FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAE. WHETHER THEY EXTABLISH BREEDING POPULATIONS IN THE IND.R.LAG. HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED. SECT. HEADS: MAT \& METH; SYST. SURV. DISTRIB. HABITS. SIP.NUDUS, S.J POLYMYOTUS, XENO. SP. SIPH. CUMANENSE, S. INGENS, SIPH. SP.. NEPH. PELLUCIDUM, P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM, TH. ALUTACEA, TH. LAGENIFORMIS, ANT. ANT. PH. PERLUCENS, PH. VARIENS (*=NIGRESCENS) / ASP. FISCHERI, SPINOSOSCUTATUS(*=PARVULUS), ASP. STEENSTRUPII, ASP. SP..},
	pages = {128-135},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Piraino, J. and Reichardt, H. F.}
}
@article {541,
	title = {A functional organization of dermal coelomic canals in Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula) with a discussion of repiratory designs in _____ sipunculans},
	journal = {Invertebrate Zoology},
	volume = {114},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ABSTRACT; S. N. IS A LARGE SIP. THAT BURROWS ACTIVELY IN COARSWE MARINE SANDS. THE BODY SURFACE IS FOLDED INTO APPROX. 30 LONGI. RIDGES THAT EXTEND ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE TRUNK AND INTROVERT. A DERMAL CANAL LIES BENEATH EACH OF THE RIDGES AND CIRCULATES COELOMIC FLUID AND HEMERYTHROCYTES TO WITHIN A FEW MICROMETERS OF THE BODY SURFACE. COELOMICFLUID ENTERS AND LEAVES THE DERMAL CANAL THRU PORES LEADING FROM THE TRUNK COELOM AND FLOWS UNIDIRECTIONALLY AT APPROXIMATELY 0.7 MM/SEC. FROM POST > ANTER. THE FLOW IS GENERATED BY CILIA ON PERITONEAL CELLS LINING THE CANALS. THE VOLUME OF THE CANALS IS APPROX. 8\% OF THE TOTAL COELOMIC VOL. WE SUGGEST THAT SIP. SPECIES FALL INTO 3 FUNCTIONAL CATAGORIES BASED ON THE BODY REGION OR REGIONS USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GAS EXCHANGE. "TENTACLE BREATHERS" SUCH AS SPECIES OF THEMISTE, BORE INTO ROCKS OR MICRO-OXIC SEDIMENTS AND EXTEND THEIR NUMEROUS TENTS. INTO THE WATER. DISSOLVED GASES ARE TRANSPORTED BETWEEN THE TENT. \& TRUNK COEL. CAVITIES VIA WELL DEVELOPED CONT. VESS.. "TENTACLE AND INTROVERT BREATHERS". SUCH AS SP. OF ASPIDO{\textquoteright}IDAE \& PHASCOLOSOMATIDAE, LODGE THE TRUNK BODY IN THE SUBSTRATUM AND EXTEND AN ELONGATED THIN WALLED INTROVERT AND TENTACLES INTO THE WATER. THEIR CONT.VESS. ARE USUALLY SIMPLE UNBRANCED TUBES. "INTEGUMENTARY BREATHERS", SUCH AS SIP.NUDUS AND OTHER SP. OF SIP{\textquoteright}IDAE, HAVE INTEG. SPECIALIZATIONS FOR GAS EXCHANGE ACROSS THE ENTIRE BODY SURFACE, BUT USUALLY SMALL TENTACLES AND OFTEN WEAKLY DEVELOPED CONT.VESS.. METHODS / RESULTS / DISCUSSION (1, 2, 3 ABOVE)},
	pages = {51-63},
	author = {Ruppert, E. E. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {529,
	title = {Two new species of Phascolion (Sipuncula: Phascolionidae) from tropical and subtropical of the central western Atlantic},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {106},
	number = {3},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ABST: P. (ISOMYA) GERARDI, A NEW SPECIES OF SIPUNCULA IS DESCRIBED FROM LITTORAL WATERS OF THE BAHAMAS, BELIZE, AND THE YUCATAN COAST OF MEXICO WHERE IT INHABITS RUBBLE ASSOCIATED WITH CORAL REEFS. A NEW INTERSTITIAL SPECIES P.(P.) PSAMMOPHILUS, IS DESCRIBED FROM DEPTHS OF 15-19M OFF THE COAST OF E. CENTRAL FLORIDA. IT IS THE FIRST SIP. DOCUMENTED AS AN ADULT RATHER THAN A JUVINILE TO BE REPORTED AS A MEMBER OF THE MEIOFAUNAL COMMUNITY. OBSERVATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT RESULTING FROM LABORATORY SPAWNINGS REVEAL A TYPICAL LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE AND A SHORT LIVED LECITHOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA LARVA THAT TRANSFORMS INTO A CRAWLING JUVINLE AT 4 DAYS OF AGE. STATION DATA FOR THESE COLLECTIONS ARE PRESENTED IN AN APP..},
	pages = {591-601},
	keywords = {new species, phascolion},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {525,
	title = {Observations on development and metamorphosis of Siphonosoma cumanense with comparative remarks on Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula, Sipunculidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ABST: THE DEVEL OF S.C. DESCRIBED FROM FERTILIZ THRU TROCHOPHORE \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA LARVAL STAGES \& METAM OF PELAG. TO JUVINLE. THE PLANTO. PELAGOSPHERA LARVA BECOMES COMPETENT TO METAM AT 8 WKS OF AGE, AT WHICH TIME METAM CAN BE INDUCED BY EXPOS TO SEDIMENT PREVIOUSLY OCCUPIED BY ADULTS OF THIS SPP. THE RESEMBL OF THIS PEL. LARV. REARED IN THE LAB FROM KNOWN ADULTS TO THAT OF AN OCEANIC LARVA FREQUENTLY COLLECTED IN THE GULF ST. SYST. CONFIRMS THE PREVIOUSLY TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF THE OCEANIC LARV AS S.C. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY IN WHICH A SIP SP KNOWN TO POSSESS A PLANKTONIC OCEANIC LARVA HAS BEEN REARED IN THE LAB FROM FERT > JUVIN. COMPARISON OF DEVEL OF S.C. \& S.N. BOTH IN SAME FAMILY SHOW MARKED DIFFERENCES. WHEREAS IN S.C. THE DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF SPP IN OTHER FAMILIES OF SIP WHICH HAVE PLANKTO DEVELOPMENT, IN S.N. THE EMBRYO DIFFERS IN THAT IT IS ENCLOSED BY CILIATED CELLS WHICH ARE PRESUMED HOMOLOGUES TO THE PROTOTROCH CELLS OF OTHER SPP, AND, AT TRANSFORMATION TO THE PELAGOSPHERA, IT CASTS OFF THESE CELLS AS THE ENTIRE OVERLYING EGG ENVELOPE. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE PECULIAR DEVELOP. FEATURES OF S.N. ARE NOT CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FAMILY SIP{\textquoteright}DAE \& CAN BE CONSIDERED AS HIGHLY MODIFIED WITHIN THE PHYLUM. *(GO TO F4) FIRST SENTENCE, REFERS TO 4 FAMILIES AS PER S\&E!! COLLECTED IN PUERTO RICO; SPAWN IN SEPT/OCT; BOTH NEPH AT SAME TIME - FORCEFUL; MALES ALSO BUT DIDN{\textquoteright}T CLEAR THE BURROW AS MUCH AS FEMALES. FEMALES ALL GONE AT ONCE, MALES REPEATED SMALL BURSTS OVER EXTENDED PERIOD (UP TO 2 HRS \& UP TO 55/HR). EGGS SPHERICL. \& AVER. 122UM DIAM. EGG ENVELOPE 5-6UM THICK W DISTINCT PORES; SPERMATOZOA IS OF PRIMATIVE TYPE W ROUNDED HEAD, BASAL MITOCHONDRIA SPHERES AND ELONGATE TAIL. DEVELOPMENT: 8 CELLS AFTER 1H,50MIN \& 4D CELL BIG, OTHER MACRO \& MICRO SMALL \& EQUAL TO EACH OTHER. 4HRS > BLASTOMERE W EQUATORIAL PROTOTROCH \& FEW APICAL CILIA; BY 7 HRS ACTIVE SWIMMING; BY 11 HRS POSIT. PHOTOTROPIC. ... 48 HRS GUT W 3 PARTS> ESOPH, STOM, INTEST;= TROCHOPHORE. AT 58 HRS SECRETE MUCUS FROM TAIL \& ATTACH TO ONE ANOTHER. ... META TO PELAGOSP AT 60-70 HRS. MOUTH OPENS IN VENTRAL PRETROCH.. EGG ENVELOPE RUPT. FOR ANUS TOO. POSTERIOR TERMINAL ORGAN FORMS \& PROTOTROCH LOST \& METATROCH FORMS. ... 14 DAY LARVA FEEDS ON PHYTOPL. OR BOTTOM DETRITUS. TERMIN. ATTACHMENT ORGAN WELL FORMED.. ATTACH FOR SHORT PERIODS - *PICK UP AT 6 WEEKS* * GO TO RICE2.MON},
	pages = {1-15},
	keywords = {development, siph. cumanense},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {523,
	title = {Sipunculan associates of the deep-sea hydrocarbon seep community},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {28},
	number = {4},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {150A},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {524,
	title = {Sipunculan associates of the deep-sea hydrocarbon seep community},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {28},
	number = {4},
	year = {1988},
	note = {ABST. OF TALK SIPS FROM 1ST TIME FROM N. GULF OF MEX. POGOS, VESTIMENT. LA. SLOPE 4-500M; 3 SPP., 1 COMMON IN EMPTY POGO TUBES, NEW SPP IN GOLF{\textquoteright}IDAE. DEPOSIT FEEDER, TENTS REDUCED TO LOBES, COELOMIC OOCYTES LOW IN YOLK THEREFORE PLANKTOT. LARV.},
	pages = {788},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {493,
	title = {Ultrastructural evidence for the contractile vessel of sipunculans as a possible ultrafiltration site},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1987},
	note = {@ CONT. VESS. IS POST. EXTENSION OF TENTACULAR CANALS INTO THE TRUNK COELOM. THIS SYSTEM CONTAINS HEMOCYTES \& CONSIDERED TO BE A VASCULAR SYSTEM ANALOGUE. THE CV WALL HAS COELOMIC EPITHEL ON EACH SIDE WITH AN ECM BETWEEN. CIRC. \& LONGI MUSC. ARE SCATTERED WITHIN THE ECM. THE CV EPITHEL FACING THE TRUNK COELOM IS COMPOSED OF PODOCYTES. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THIS ARRANGEMENT MAY BE AS A FILTRATION SURFACE IN THE FORMATION OF A PRIMARY ULTRAFILTRATE. INCREASED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE IN THE CV AS THE TENTS \& HEAD ARE RETRACTED COULD DRIVE FLUIDS THRU THE CV WALL TO THE TRUNK COEL. MODIFICATION TO SECONDARY FILTRATE COULD OCCUR IN THE METANEPH. THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS OF RUPPERT \& SMITH, *ABST. OF TALK ONLY* NOTE SAYS HE{\textquoteright}LL SEND ME REPRINT WHEN THIS GETS DEVELOPED \& PUBLISHED IN FULL.},
	pages = {810a},
	keywords = {CONTRACTILE VESSEL},
	author = {Pilger, J. F. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {521,
	title = {Factors influencing larval metamorphosis in Golfingia misakiana (Sipuncula)},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {1986},
	note = {ABST; SETTLEM \& METAM OF G.M. SHOWED THAT SEA WATER PREV. OCCUP BY ADULTS OF THAT SPP. FACILIT SETTL; SUBSTANCE IS HEAT LABILE \& LO MOL. WT. (LESS THAN 500) \& SP. SPECIFIC. STABLE FOR AT LEAST 8 DAYS. RESPOND TO SUBSTANCE ALONE \& NOT NEED SUBSTRATE - SUBST. MAY BE ADSORPTIVE SURFACE, OR FOOD? OR PLACE TO BURROW. TEXT; HISTORY OF SIMILAR WORK - MANY ON HARD SUBSTRATE; FEW RECENT WRKS ON GREGARIOUS SOFT SEDIMENT ANIMALS....; METH \& MATER.; ..PUT VARYING NUMBER OF ADULTS (FROM 75-100M OFF FT.P IN CORAL RUBBLE).. RESPONSE OF LARV. BETTER IF ADULTS WERE STILL THERE BUT STILL WORKED AFTER REMOVED - SO ADULTS RELEASED STUFF; CONDITIONED SEA WATER W \& W{\textquoteright}OUT SUBST. \& LOOKED AT SETTLEMENT; SIGNIF. METAM ONLY IF BOTH PRESENT. MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED? AUTOCLAVING DESTOYED INDUCING FACTOR. SPECIES SPECIFIC; G.PELLUCIA \& A.FISCHERI TREATED WATER DIDN{\textquoteright}T WORK; CONCENTRATION... MOL. WT. OVER 500{\textendash}NOT PRECISE INFO; FREEZING (NO EFFECT) \& HEATING (KILLS IT) STABILITY OVER TIME; PROPERTIES OF SUBST.> PARTICLE SIZE - <63, 63-125, 125-250UM, NO DIFFERENCES; MICROORGANIS; ORGANIC MATTER; GLASS BEADS- NO BURROWING OF ADULTS; CRYOLITE CRUSHED - DIDN{\textquoteright}T WORK EITHER; COMPENTENCY OF LARV; BEST IN JAN \& FEB, DISC \& CONCL ON F4> DISC \& CONCL AS PER ABSTRACT BASICALLY - SIMILAR ATTRIBUTES TO OTHER SUBST. OF OTHER INVERTS. SUBST. MAY BE SYNERGISTIC? BACTERI FILM ON SAND MAY STILL BE IMPORTANT - ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL SLOWS DOWN SETTLEMENT... MUST HAVE SAND.},
	pages = {362-375},
	keywords = {Ap. misakiana, larva, metamorphosis},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {520,
	title = {Description of a wood dwelling sipunculan, Phascolosoma turnerae, new species},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {98},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {54-60},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {535,
	title = {Larval development and metamorphosis of Siphonosoma cumanense (Keferstein, l867)},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {47A},
	keywords = {development, LARVAE, siph. cumanense},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Reichardt, H. F.}
}
@article {532,
	title = {Observations on the ecology and reproduction of the sipunculan Phascolion cryptus in the Indian River Lagoon __________________},
	journal = {Florida Scientist},
	volume = {46},
	number = {3/4},
	year = {1983},
	note = {@ MOST ABUNDANT SIP IN INDIAN RIVER LAGOON - P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUS - MONTHLY BASIS FROM JUNE 76-MAY 77. LIVE IN EMPTY GASTRO SHELLS IN SHALLOW WATER IN DENSITY OF 667-3,856/M2 9KM NORTH OF FORT P INLET. COMMON IN SHELLS OF 5 SPP... REPRO ACTIV ESTIMATED BY STAGE OF COELOMIC GAMETES \& SPAWNING IN THE LAB. REPRODUCTIVE THRU THE YEAR WITH TREND FOR HIGHER ACTIVITY NOV-MAY. JUVIN WERE 37-58\% OF POPUL IN WINTER, SPRING \& SUMMER, DOWN TO 16\% IN FALL.},
	pages = {382-396},
	keywords = {ecology, p{\textquoteright}lion cryptus, reproduction},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Piraino, J. and Reichardt, H. F.}
}
@article {542,
	title = {Structure, ultrastructure, and function of the terminal organ of a pelagosphera larva (Sipuncula)},
	journal = {Zoomorphology},
	volume = {102},
	year = {1983},
	note = {@ TERMINAL ORGAN IN PELAGOSPHERA LARV USED TO TEMPORAR. ATTACH TO SUBSTRATA, EXAMINED BEHAVIORALLY AND WITH LITE \& ELECTRON MICROS. FOR LARV OF G. MISAKIANA COLLECTED FROM FL. CURRENT. TERM ORG IS RETACTILE ROUNDED KNOB W SHORT NECK JOINING TO TRUNK VIA SHORT NECK. CAN ATTACH DIRECTLY TO SUBST OR SECRETE TETHER-LIKE MUCUS STRAND... IN FREE MOVING LARV TERM ORG OFTEN IN MOUTH. IN 5.5 DAY OLD LARV THERE ARE 29 CELLS IN T.O.; 9 EPIDERM, 3 MUCUS, 2 TENSION BEARING, 5 SENSORY, 10 RETRACTOR MUSC. \& 1 UNKNOWN. MUCUS CELLS PRODUCE ADHESIVE... TENSION BEARING CELLS WITH MICROFILAMENTS CONNECT W RETS THAT ORIGINATE NEAR ANUS. ... T.O. COMPARED TO OTHER METAZAN ADHESIVE ORGANS \& ASSUMED TO BE INDEPEN. EVOLVED WITHIN SIPS. CONSIDERED AS ADAPTATION IN YOUNG LARV FOR PROTECTIVE ATTACHMENT \& FACILITATION OF FEEDING, WHEREAS, IN OLDER LARVAE IT MAY ONLY FUNCTION IN SUBSTRATE EVALUATION PRIOR TO SETTLEMENT.},
	pages = {143-163},
	keywords = {histology, larva, terminal organ},
	author = {Ruppert, E. E. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {517,
	title = {Larvae adrift: patterns and problems in life histories of sipunculans},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {21},
	number = {3},
	year = {1981},
	note = {@ NO ABST OR SUMM - HER PRESID. ADDRESS, LOTS OF GOOD PICS. PROBABLY NEED THIS ONE READ. - MARG? DEC 90; CAL; GENERAL INTRO OF BENTH MAR.INVERTS. \& LARVAL LIFE; TELOPLANIC LARV; OVERVIEW...; HER WORK SUMM{\textquoteright}IZD. OVERVIEW OF PATT. \& PROBLEMS IN LIFE HIST. OF SIPS; MORPH OF OCEANIC LARV. 1ST RECORD IS HACKER 1898; LISTS LIT. REF. FOR DESCRIPTIONS... ONLY RECENT DESCRIPT ON RELAXED STUFF USEFUL .. BASIC MORPHOL OF OC. LARV. NOW WELL KNOWN - HEAD, W MIDREGION WITH METATR, POSTERIOR TNK; VENTRAL MOUTH, LIP, GLANDS, BUCCAL ORGAN (LARV. STRUCT.) PAIR OF EYESP \& SHORT BAND OF CILIA (REM OF PROTOTR); MID... INFLATABLE SECTIOON; HEAD \& MIDREGION CAN BE WITHDRN INTO POST TNK - LARGEST W LARGE COELOM \& ORGANS; ANUS ANT. TNK \& GUT RECURVED; VNC \& BRAIN..; CHANGE IN SHAPE..; TERMINAL ORG VARIABLE IN SIZE...; CAN STICK TAIL IN MOUTH; DIFFERENCES IN COLOR, LIP SHAPE, EYE COLOR; SKIN SMOOTH OR RUFF; METAMORPH; LOSS OF METATR. TENTS; ELONG MID REG TO FORM INTROVERT. MOUTH MOVES FROM VENT TO TERM; DETAILS VARY AMONG SPP; 15 OUT OF 30 COLLECETED TYPES HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED TO GENERA; SIX NAMED; S{\textquoteright}LUS; S{\textquoteright}SOMA{\textquoteright} GOLF; ASP, PARASP, PH{\textquoteright}SOMA; ONLY IN G. MISAK IS METAM CONSIST- OTHERS SPORADIC; G.M; TO SEX. MATUR - SEE RICE 78 FOR DETAILS? SEV. PICS FIG. 10-17; INFORMED ASSUMPT. ABOUT DIFF IN YOUNG \& OLD LARV \& REV. OF METAM CHANGES; SAME AS H \& S{\textquoteright}S TYPE C \& THEY COLL ALL OVER ATLANTIC; .5-.8MM; DISCRIP OF LARV...; METAM AFTER 1-2MONTHS; TRIED DIFF WAYS OF INDUCING METAM; SUMM; WATER SOLUBL FACTOR... AS ELSEWHERE...; LARV. ONLY RESPOND IF SUBST. PRESENT TOO; 2 WKS JUVIN. COMPLETLY FORMED; TNK 1MM, INTRO 2-3MM; SEX. MATURE AT 9 MONTHS; EGSS FROM THESE BECAME TROCH AFTER 24 HRS; AT 4 DAYS METAM INTO PELAGO LARV; THESE LARV. LIVED FOR UP TO 3 MONTHS; SOME DIFF BETW. LAB LARV. \& OCEAN LARV; ATTACH \& GRAZE AS LARV, OR SWIM SLOWLY ALONG BOTTOM..; OLDER LARV. MORE LIMITED IN FEEDING OPTIONS COMPETANT TO METAM ONLY AFTER 3-4 MONTHS; YOUNG AS BENTHIC FORM, OLDER AS PLNAKTONIC - YOUNG WELL EQUIPED TO FEED \& GROW..; OLDER FOR DISPERAL \& SETTLEMENT, NO MORE GROWTH. CAN DISCRIM ENV.; YOUNG LARV STAY NEAR MOM, FEED \& GROW THEN TURN LOOSE \& WANDER. OCEAN LARV \& LAB LARV W SAME ID CHARACT.; HKS LITTLE DIFF; OTHER DIFF IN EMBRYOL. ATTRIB. MORE INFO NEEDED. SHE IS COMPARING CARIB POP. TO LAB. TO EXAMINE VARIABILITY...; SUMMARY; VARIAT OF PATT..; LONG LIVED LARV - WIDE DISTRIB. - LARV. REARING IN LAB..; ....REPEAT..},
	pages = {605-619},
	keywords = {development, LARVAE},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {531,
	title = {Distribution of Sipuncula in the coral reef community, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize},
	journal = {Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {311-320},
	keywords = {coral community},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and MacIntyre, I. G.}
}
@article {513,
	title = {Larval development and metamorphosis in Sipuncula},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1976},
	note = {@ BRIEF REVIEW OF DEVEL.IN SIPS - 4 PATTERNS; 1. DIRECT W NO PELAG STAGE; 2. ONE LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE; 3. 2 LARV STG, A LECI TROCH \& LECI PELAGO; 4. 2 LARV. STG., LECI TROCH \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA. LARV. TYPES \& THEIR METAMORPH DESCRIBED, SPECIAL ATTENTION TO DEVEL \& MORPH OF LARV CUTICLE. IN MOST SPP STUDIED THE EGG ENVILOPE TRANSFORMED TO LARV CUTI AT METAMOR OF TROCH. SURF. PAPS ON MANY PELAGO LARV., DIVERSE FORMS; UNDERLYING CUTI OF LAYERS OF FIBERS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER.},
	pages = {563-571},
	keywords = {cuticle, development, LARVAE},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {692,
	title = {Larval development and metamorphosis in Sipuncula},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1976},
	note = {@ BRIEF REVIEW OF DEVEL.IN SIPS - 4 PATTERNS; 1. DIRECT W NO PELAG STAGE; 2. ONE LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE; 3. 2 LARV STG, A LECI TROCH \& LECI PELAGO; 4. 2 LARV. STG., LECI TROCH \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA. LARV. TYPES \& THEIR METAMORPH DESCRIBED, SPECIAL ATTENTION TO DEVEL \& MORPH OF LARV CUTICLE. IN MOST SPP STUDIED THE EGG ENVILOPE TRANSFORMED TO LARV CUTI AT METAMOR OF TROCH. SURF. PAPS ON MANY PELAGO LARV., DIVERSE FORMS; UNDERLYING CUTI OF LAYERS OF FIBERS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER.},
	pages = {563-571},
	keywords = {cuticle, development, LARVAE},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {514,
	title = {Sipunculans associated with coral communities},
	journal = {Micronesica},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {119-132},
	keywords = {CORAL ASSOCIATES},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {509,
	title = {Gametogenesis in three species of Sipuncula: Phascolosoma agassizii, Golfingia pugettensis, and Themiste pyroides _________ _____________________ _________________},
	journal = {La Cellule},
	volume = {70},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {1974},
	pages = {295-313},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {508,
	title = {Morphology, behavior and histogenesis of the pelagosphera larva of Phascolosoma agassizii (Sipuncula) ______________________},
	journal = {Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology},
	volume = {132},
	year = {1973},
	note = {@ MORPHOL, BEHAV, HISTOGEN DESCRIB FOR PH.AG. PELAGOSPHERA LARV. STRUCTURES FOLLOWED ARE: BODY WALL, COELOM \& ITS ELEMENTS, RET. MUSC, GUT, BUCCAL ORGAN, LIP GLAND, NERV. SYST., NEPHRID, LARV. GLANDS \& TERMINAL ORG. FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITHT HE MOUTH... INTRA \& INTER-PHYLETIC COMPARISONS OF DEVEL ARE DISC.. GENERAL MORPH OF LARV \& FEW OBS. ON LARV. LOCOMO \& FEEDING IN THE LAB. *READ FOR MORE DETAIL LATER? PROBABLY TOOK MOST OF THIS INTO HER LATER PAPERS \& REHASHED IT THERE FOR MORE GENERAL AUDIENCE. ?USE THOSE INSTEAD? ESPEC ON PHYLOGENY},
	pages = {1-51},
	keywords = {development, ontogeny, ph. agassizi, phylogeny},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {534,
	title = {A comparative study of the functional morphology of some pelagosphera larvae (Sipuncula)},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1972},
	pages = {723},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Putnam, D. S.}
}
@article {530,
	title = {A preliminary study of sipunculan burrows in rock thin sections},
	journal = {Caribbean Journal of Science},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1972},
	pages = {41-44},
	keywords = {coral boring},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and MacIntyre, I. G.}
}
@article {379,
	title = {Meeting reports: Biology of Sipuncula and Echiura},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {21},
	number = {12},
	year = {1971},
	pages = {583-584},
	author = {Kohn, A. J. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {536,
	title = {The type specimens of Sipuncula and Echiura described by J.E. Gray and W. Baird in the collections of the British Museum of Natural History},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {1970},
	pages = {49-72},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Stephen, A. C.}
}
@article {507,
	title = {Asexual reproduction in a sipunculan worm},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {167},
	year = {1970},
	note = {@ HAVE THIS HERE IF NEED MORE DETAIL ON PROCESS A.B. REPRO ASEX{\textquoteright}LY BY TRANSVERSE VISSION INTO TWO UNEQUAL PARTS, THE SMALLER PART COMPRISING THE POSTERIOR FIFTH OF THE ANIMAL. PRIOR TO FISSION EACH PART REGENERATES THE STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL TO THE GENERATION OF A NEW INDIV. THE SMALLER POSTERIOR (DAUGHTER) PART REGENERATES AN ANTERIOR BODY, INCLUDING INTROVERT, ANTERIOR GUT, RETRACTOR MUSCLES, AND NEPHRIDIA, WHEREAS THE LARGER ANTERIOR PART (PARENT) REGENERATES ONLY THE POSTERIOR BODY WALL.},
	pages = {1618-1620},
	keywords = {asexual, reproduction},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {506,
	title = {Possible boring structures of Sipunculids},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {803-812},
	keywords = {coral boring},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {505,
	title = {A comparative study of the development of Phascolosoma agassizii, Golfingia pugettensis, and Themiste pyroides with a discussion of _____________________ _________________ developmental patterns in the Sipuncula},
	journal = {Ophelia},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1967},
	pages = {143-171},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {504,
	title = {Reproductive biology and development of Sipuncula},
	journal = {Dissertation Abstracts 27},
	year = {1966},
	note = {order no. 66-12, 040},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
