@article {542,
	title = {Structure, ultrastructure, and function of the terminal organ of a pelagosphera larva (Sipuncula)},
	journal = {Zoomorphology},
	volume = {102},
	year = {1983},
	note = {@ TERMINAL ORGAN IN PELAGOSPHERA LARV USED TO TEMPORAR. ATTACH TO SUBSTRATA, EXAMINED BEHAVIORALLY AND WITH LITE \& ELECTRON MICROS. FOR LARV OF G. MISAKIANA COLLECTED FROM FL. CURRENT. TERM ORG IS RETACTILE ROUNDED KNOB W SHORT NECK JOINING TO TRUNK VIA SHORT NECK. CAN ATTACH DIRECTLY TO SUBST OR SECRETE TETHER-LIKE MUCUS STRAND... IN FREE MOVING LARV TERM ORG OFTEN IN MOUTH. IN 5.5 DAY OLD LARV THERE ARE 29 CELLS IN T.O.; 9 EPIDERM, 3 MUCUS, 2 TENSION BEARING, 5 SENSORY, 10 RETRACTOR MUSC. \& 1 UNKNOWN. MUCUS CELLS PRODUCE ADHESIVE... TENSION BEARING CELLS WITH MICROFILAMENTS CONNECT W RETS THAT ORIGINATE NEAR ANUS. ... T.O. COMPARED TO OTHER METAZAN ADHESIVE ORGANS \& ASSUMED TO BE INDEPEN. EVOLVED WITHIN SIPS. CONSIDERED AS ADAPTATION IN YOUNG LARV FOR PROTECTIVE ATTACHMENT \& FACILITATION OF FEEDING, WHEREAS, IN OLDER LARVAE IT MAY ONLY FUNCTION IN SUBSTRATE EVALUATION PRIOR TO SETTLEMENT.},
	pages = {143-163},
	keywords = {histology, larva, terminal organ},
	author = {Ruppert, E. E. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {106,
	title = {A study of the nervous system of the sipunculoideae, with some remarks on the development of the two species <i>Phascolion strombi</i> Montagu and <i>Golfingia minuta</i> Keferstein},
	journal = {Undersokningar over Oresund},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1958},
	note = {@ SUMMARY: 1. WHERE WORK DONE 2. DEVEL OF P{\textquoteright}LION STROMBI \& G. MINUTA STUDIED. STROM VERY SIMIL TO G. VULG \& G. GOULDI - ALL PRIMITIVE; \& SIMILAR TO POLYCH. LONG BREEDING SEASON, GAMETES DEVEL IN COELOM, SPAWNING OF EPIDEMIC TYPE. EARLY CL. SPIRAL; EPIBOLIC GASTRUL.; EMBRY W 6 DAY PELAGIC STGE; DURING PELAG. STAGE THEY{\textquoteright}RE BOTTOM DWELLERS, NEVER FOUND IN PLANKTON; LECITOTROPHIC \& PELAG PH. FOR DISPERSAL ONLY. AT END OF PELAG, EGG MEMB > CUTICULA \& WITHIN THIS SHELTER THE PROTOTROCH DISOLVED \& YOLK FORCED INTO COELOM. AT SAME TIME FIRST CIRCLET OF EPIDERMAL ORGANS APPEAR. EVENTUALLY = 6 CIRCL; \& METAMERIC ARRANGEMENT (?) SAME AS IN G. ELONG.; HAVE DELECATE BRISTLES = CONDENSED SECRETION. DIR. DEV \& BROOD PROTECTIONS; LARV. EPI ORG. FORMED BUT NO BRIST \& RANDOM ARRANGM. 3. RETS \& CIRC. MUSCL DEVEL FROM ECTOMESOBLASTS. LONGI MUSCL FROM SOMATIC LAYER OF MESODERM SACS. VENT NRV CRD DELAMINATED FROM ECTODERM BEFORE CIRC. MUSC FORMED. CONNEC TISS \& PARANEURAL MUSC FROM MESOD SACS. V.N.C BEGINS AS UNPAIRED MEDIAN THICKENING. SECRE. FUNCT. THIS REDUCES LATER. 4. THESE 2 SPP COMPARED TO OTHERS 5. NERV. SYST OF 14 SPP IN 8 GENERA; SMALLER SPP W SIMPLER BRAINS, LARGER W MORE COMPLEX; IN SIPUNCULSU \& G. MINUTA BRAIN MOVED POST \& CONNECTED VIA CEREBRAL TUBE TO OUTSIDE; OTHERS W BRAIN IN CLOSE CONTACT WITH TENTAC.; CEREBR. ORG. WELL DEV IN SIP{\textquoteright}LUS ONLY. ?PERHAPS ONLY VESTIGE OF LARV. CER. ORG. EYES OF ADULT OF EVERSE TYPE - ECTODERMAL INFOLDINGS W SOLID CUTICULAR PLUGS IN S{\textquoteright}LUS, SMALL SPP (PRIM{\textquoteright}VE); IN MORE HIGHLY ORGANIZED EYES THE INNERMOST PART OF EYE IS DISTENDED \& FILLED W AMORPHOUS SECRETION. BEST DEV. EYES IS GOLF(GOLF) \& DENDROST. CYMOD.; THESE HAVE REFRACTIVE BODY IN INNER PART OF OCULAR TUBE. IN SIP{\textquoteright}LUS SECONDARY {\textquoteright}TENTACULAR{\textquoteright} EYES DEVEL; NUCHAL ORG. FOUND IN ALL; IN PHAS, ASP \& S{\textquoteright}SOMA ANT PRT OF V.N.C. CONNECTED TO SPEC. SENS ORG., POSSIBLY RUDIM STATOCYST. NEUROSECRET. IN ALL; PRODUCTS RELEASED INTO COELOM AND/OR POLIAN VESS; OTHERS INTO CENTRAL NEUROPILE. DIGITATE PROC. OF S{\textquoteright}LUS STORE NEUROSEC. PROD.; 6. V.N.C. MORPH {\textendash} NO METAM; LATERL. NRV.; PARAN MUSCL; SPEC. UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS {\textquoteright}REGENERATION CELLS{\textquoteright} IN NRV. CRD.; WILL FORM ECTODERML PRT OF REGEN INTROV; IN S{\textquoteright}LUS TERM PRT OF VNC = TERM GANGL CONNECTS W SECRET. TERMINL ORG; SECRE EXTERNL (SEE AKES.MON)*},
	pages = {1-249},
	keywords = {development, histology, nervous, ORGAN SYST.},
	author = {{\r A}kesson, B.}
}
@article {334,
	title = {Morphologische und kausal-analytische Untersuchungen uber das Internephridialorgan von Physcosoma lanzarotae},
	journal = {Archiv fur Entwicklungsmechanik},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1921},
	note = {@ IN GERMAN, NO ENGL ABST - LONG ARTICLE WITH LOTS OF FIGS. CAN ONLY HOPE HYMAN AND OTHERS HAVE PICKED THIS STUFF UP ACCURATLY},
	pages = {307-374},
	keywords = {histology, nephridia, ph. granulatum},
	author = {Harms, W.}
}
@article {247,
	title = {Weitere beitrage zur anatomie und histologie der Sipunculus indicus _______},
	journal = {Jahrbuch der Hamburger Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1893},
	note = {IN GERMAN, NO ENG. ABST. IN VOL 9...},
	pages = {1-12},
	keywords = {anatomy, histology, s. indicus},
	author = {Fischer, W.}
}
@article {661,
	title = {On some points in the anatomy and histology of Sipunculus nudus, L},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1891},
	note = {MARG.L. READ THIS DEC.89 ANAT \& HISTOL OF S.NUDUS; INTRODUC; USED INTROS ONLY; METHODS...HARD TO AVOID DISTORTION, TEARING..5\% ETOH RELAXED > ETOH LATER...; 2. EXTERN. ANAT... INTRO W SCATTERED PAPS, TENTS,(MEMB. FOLD - W 2NDARY FOLDS.-PSEUDO-HORSESHOE? INTERUP DORS; FIG 1,2,3; CRENATE FORM... 3. HISTOLOGY; A. CUTICULA \& HYPODERMIS; CUTICLE SIMILAR TO CHITIN BUT NOT- DISSOLVES IN BOILING KOH \& HAS NO CELLULOSE \& STAINS WRONG; HYPODERMIS W DERMAL BODIES BUT NO OTHER {\textquoteright}BODIES{\textquoteright}. B. CUTIS - IS PRESENT DESPITE OTHER AUTHORS; BETWEEN HYPOD \& MUSC LAYERS; W CONNECT. TISS. JELLY \& FIBRILS \& AMMOEBOID CELLS; PIGMENT CELLS/REFRACTIVE W 3-5 NUCLEI; GREENISH YELLOW COLOR; MORE PIGM IN LARGEER WORMS THAN SMALL; D. DERMAL BODIES - GLANDULAR, MULTICELL \& BICELL; SHAPE, DUCTS, VACUOLES, GRANULES SECRETION..RETICULUM THEREFORE GLANDULAR. FUNCTION-TUBE FORMING - GLUE? MULTICELLULAR RARE,.. GRANUL..DIFF. CELLS IN A SINGLE GLAND MAY ALTERNATE FUNCTION? SOME ON, OTHERS OFF AT ONE TIME; NERV CONNECT TO GLANDS ALL OVER BODY; VARIATION IN SIZE SUGGESTS MUSCL CAPSULE; SENSE PAPS ANTER. ZONE, SMALL, LOTS OF DETAIL ON HISTOL.. SIMPLE SENSORY ORGANS PROBABLE. ABORAL SURF OF TENTS; E. MUSCULAR LAYERS / CIRC \& LONGIT. (GO TO F4) 2. TENT. FOLDS / ORAL WALL; A. CUTICLE, HOLES FOR CILIA.. SOME AUTHORS GOT CILIATED SIDES BACKWARDS. B. MIGRATORY CORPUSCLES; UNDER THIS IS CUTIS. C. MUSC; FUSION OF RETS AS LONGI MUSC + OUT TO TENTS FROM {\textquoteright}HEAD{\textquoteright} INVERSION OF TENTS? ENDOTHEL LINING... NO CONNECTION BETWEEN COEL \& BLUD CAVITIES. D. VASCULAR SYST. INDEF. LACUNAE, NOT CLEAR VESSELS; THICK LAYER OF CONNECT. TISS ARGUES AGAINST RESPIR. FUNCTION OF TENTS. ALSO CONNTRAC VESS NOT WELL DESIGNED FOR THIS PURPOSE. DERMAL CANALS FOR THIS PURPOSE. SO HYDROSTATIC FUNCTION LIKELY. DORSAL \& VENTRAL VESSEL AS RESIVORE FOR FLUID. E. ABORAL WALL - UNDIFF HYPODERM, NO CILIA, SENS CELLS; 3. NERVOUS SYST. A. BRAIN DORS. W DIGITATE PROCESSES; BLOOD SINUS..GANGLIA > UNIPOLAR; SMALL ONES DOMINANT..HARD TO FIND CELL BODY..VERY SMALL; PERITONEUM..OMITING A BUNCH; SOME LARGE GANGLIA 40-65UM (SKIPPED INTERMED SIZE CLASS).. NUCL \& NUCLEOLI (2). IN NERVE CORD DON{\textquoteright}T GET AS LARGE. PERIPHER SYST. W{\textquoteright}OUT GANGLIA... BUNCH OF DETAIL ON CELLS WITHIN GANGLIA/COMMISURES.. B. CEREBRAL NERVES; TENTAC NRVS, ESOPHAG CONNECT EACH W 3 BRANCHS (SPLANCHNIC? MUSCULAR, INFERIOR MUSC) C. VENT.NRV.CRD; W BRANCHS - IRREGULAAR \& NONMETAMERIC; SHEATH OF NEUROGLIA (SEE WARD.MON)},
	pages = {143-182},
	keywords = {anatomy, histology},
	author = {Ward, H. B.}
}
@article {578,
	title = {On Phymosoma varians},
	journal = {Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1890},
	note = {@ NO ABST - DETAILED MORPHOL STUDY OF ONE POPULATION - BAHAMAS P.V. BEGUN BY WELDON, FINISHED BY SHIPLEY. NOTES SIMILARITY OF TENT/MOUTH RELATIONSHIP TO PHORONIS. EXTERNAL STUFF... *PUT ASIDE TO BE READ LATER? CAN GENERALIZE FROM THIS? FROM BAHAMAS / FROM SOFT CORAL NEAR LOW WATER LINE; EXT. CHAR \& ECTODERM - 40-55MM TNK;- 18 TENTS IN OPEN HORSESHOE; MOUTH NARROW CRESC.SLIT; FIGS...; OUTER, CONVEX SIDE OF TENTS GROVES \& CILIA; SENSE PIT; INTRO W SMOOTH 2MM BAND THEN EXTINSILE COLLAR, THEN SWELLING, THEN 20 ROWS HKS, THEN PAPS, THEN 40-60 MORE HK RINGS; PAPS BECOME MORE DOMINANT; HKS AS IN EARLIER PAPERS; PAPS, PLATELETS, TNK PAPS LARGER \& FLATTER W PIGM RING AROUND THEN; LARGER AT TWO ENDS OF TNK; IN MIDTHK ONLY DORSAL; PIGMENT VARIABLE; LOWER LIP \& OUTER TENTS W COLUMNAR/CILIA - PREORAL LOBE \& INNER SURF OF TENTS W CUBOIDAL CELSS LOADED W DRK GRANULES / COLLAR W CUBOIDAL; CUTICLE.. HKS SECRETED BY PAP WHICH PROJ INTO HOOK; CAVITIES BETWEEN ECTO \& MUSC \& COMMUNIC W CAV OF PAPS; FUNCT OF CHANNALS FOR CIRC OF NUTRI FLUIDS - ANALOG W SIP.NUD CHANNALS. (FIGS 10/11) PAPS...PLATES AS THICKENINGS OF CUTICLE; SECRETION; GOTO F4 FOR REST** GEN. ANAT; FIG.3 INT. ANAT. RETS.. DORSAL BLOOD VESS.. GUT.. BRAIN/VNC.. NEPH. SIZE \& SHAPE VARIABLE...NECK, BLADDER, SECRETING PORTION; GONADS.. MUSC. SYST. FUSIFORM FIBERS /STRIATED/ FIBERS OF RETS 2X BODY WALL IN DIA; EXCEEDINGLY DELICATE LAYER OF OBLIQUE FIBERS BETWEEN CIRC \& LONGI LAYERS; 22 LMB{\textquoteright}S GRADUALLY FUSE TOWARDS POST. SOME ANASTOMOSE. RETS..ORIGINS SPLIT.. {\textquoteright}SKELETAL TISSUE{\textquoteright} IN COLLAR \& TENTS = SUPPORT/STIFF; BLOOD SPACE.. GIVES PLACE FOR RETS TO ATTACH. ALIMENT CANAL: ESOPH/INTEST/RECT.. SP.M. MOUTH LINED W CILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS, GROOVES.. ESOPH..BLUD VESS..GUT W COLUM CELLS, MUSC, CILIA IN PATCHES, NO CILIATED GROOVE. RECT W FOLDS \& CELLS W VACUOLES. CAEC; VASCULAR SYST. 2 KINDS OF CORPUSCLES \& GAMETES; SIZES / SHAPE.. HORSESHOE SPACE> INTO TENTS.. SINUS AROUND BRAIN.. DORSAL.. NEPH/RENAL ORG; BROWN TUBES.. MUSC. CHANGES SHAPE; EXT \& INT OPENING; FIG.18 KIDNEY/BLADDER.. 1/2 ATTACHED; SEPTA WITHIN LUMEN.. SOME COLUMNAR CELLS WITH GRANULAR VESCICLES.>TUBE; LIKE MAMM{\textquoteright} GLND; PERITON CELLS MAY BE THICK.. NERV. SYST \& SENSE ORG. BRAIN BILOBED... NEURONS/GANGLIA SOME GIANT (.02MM WHICH IS 4X NORMAL CELLS; SENSE ORGANS=EYES; LUMEN.(P.16). 3 PRS. OF NRVS -PREORAL LOBE DORSAL / VENT TO TENTS / POST. TO VNC; NO SEPAR *SEE SHIPL.MOT},
	pages = {1-27},
	keywords = {anatomy, histology, ph. varians},
	author = {Shipley, A. E.}
}
