@article {889,
	title = {Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766 (Sipuncula): cosmopolitan or a group of pseudo-cryptic species? An integrated molecular and morphological approach},
	journal = {Marine Ecology},
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {Sipunculan taxonomy relies on a limited set of external morphological and internal anatomical characters. In addition, this marine group is characterized by an unusual large number of putatively cosmopolitan species. However, this {\textquoteleft}cosmopolitan{\textquoteright} status could be an artifact of their conserved morphology and the small number of unambiguous taxonomic characters available for delimiting species. Species delimitation can therefore be aided by molecular techniques. We investigated the case of the widespread and common species Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766 to determine its systematic validity. We analysed the morphology of multiple specimens of S. nudus collected from 11 localities around the world and undertook phylogenetic analyses using molecular sequence data from four genes (28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, histone H3 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). High levels of genetic differentiation are present between distantly related populations of the putative species S. nudus. Five distinct lineages were identified by phylogenetic analyses, three of which {\textendash} the best-represented populations {\textendash} can be distinguished morphologically. Our phylogenetic and morphological analyses thus do not favor the cosmopolitan status of S. nudus, suggesting instead that it constitutes a complex of morphologically similar but distinguishable species.},
	doi = {10.1111/maec.12104},
	author = {Kawauchi, G. Y. and Giribet, G.}
}
@article {882,
	title = {Sipunculan phylogeny based on six genes, with a new classification and the descriptions of two new families},
	journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {186-210},
	chapter = {186},
	issn = {0300-3256},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00507.x},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000300697000008},
	author = {Kawauchi, G. Y. and Sharma, P. P. and Giribet, G.}
}
@article {696,
	title = {Are there true cosmopolitan sipunculan worms? A genetic variation study within Phascolosoma perlucens (Sipuncula, Phascolosomatidae)},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {157},
	number = {7},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Kawauchi, Gisele Y. Giribet, Gonzalo},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1417-1431},
	abstract = {Phascolosoma perlucens is one of the most common intertidal sipunculan species and has been considered a circumtropical cosmopolitan taxon due to the presence of a long-lived larva. To verify whether P. perlucens is a true cosmopolitan species or a complex of cryptic forms, we examined the population structure and demographics of 56 putative P. perlucens individuals from 13 localities throughout the tropics. Analysis of two mitochondrial markers, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA, suggests high levels of genetic differentiation between distantly located populations of P. perlucens. At least four different lineages identified morphologically as P. perlucens were distinguished. These lineages are likewise supported by phylogenetic analysis of the two mitochondrial markers and by the haplotype network analysis. Our results suggest that P. perlucens is a case of overconservative taxonomy, rejecting the alleged cosmopolitanism of P. perlucens. However, cryptic speciation also exists in some areas, including a possible case of geminate species across the Isthmus of Panama.},
	keywords = {DNA-SEQUENCE DATA, LIFE HISTORIES, MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA, NEUTRALITY TESTS, PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, POPULATION-STRUCTURE, SEA, SPECIES-COMPLEX, SYSTEMATICS},
	isbn = {0025-3162},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000278837600001},
	author = {Kawauchi, G. Y. and Giribet, G.}
}
