@article {140,
	title = {Annual reproductive cycle of two Japanese species of sipunculans: Siphonosoma cumanense (Sipunculidae) and Phascolosoma scolops, Phascolosomatidae)},
	journal = {Pacific Science},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ABST: ANN. REP. CYC. OF 2 SIPS, S.C. \& P.S. WERE STUDIED BASED ON SIZE, DENSITY \& FREQ. DIST. OF GAMATES FROM MAY 89 TO NOV. 90 AND OCT. 89 TO FEB 91 RESPECTIVELY. ALIQUOTS FROM THE TOTAL VOL. OF THE DILUTED COELOMIC FLIUD FROM EACH IND. WERE ANALYZED. COEL. OOCYTES OF S.C. SHOWED A SLOW GROWTH RATE, I.E. 3UM/MNTH FROM DEC > AP \& ACCELERATED RATE OBS. FROM MAY>JULY. NO OOCYTES WERE ENCOUNTERD FROM SEPT>DEC. SUGGESTING THAT SPAWNING OCCURS FRM JULY>AUG. SPERM CLUSTERS WERE ENCOUNTERD FRM MAY>AUG. W{\textquoteright} PEAKS IN JUNE \& JULY. IN CONTRAST OOCYTES \& SPRM CL. OF P.S. WERE PRESENT THRUOUT THE YEAR. FRM JAN>MAR SML OOCYTES GREW AT AN AVER. RT. OF 10UM/MONT. OOCYTES SHOWED RAPID GRTH TIL JULY. SMALLER OOCY TES NOTED THEREAFTER INDICATING SUMMER SPAWNING. FLUCTUATION OF SP.CL.. DENSITY SHOWED PATTERN SIMIL. TO OOCYTES. BOTH SPP SHOWED 2 MAJOR PEAKS IN GAMETES DENSITY, 1 DURING OOCYTE PROLIF. AND 1 BEFORE SPAWING. STAGES OF GAM{\textquoteright}GENESIS IN BOTH SPP ARE DESCRIBED. YAMAMOTO{\textquoteright}S ADDR. USHIMADO MAR. LAB. , OKAYAMA UNIV. USHIMADO, OKAYAMA, JAPAN},
	pages = {145-157},
	chapter = {145},
	keywords = {breeding cycle, reproduction},
	author = {Catalan, M. A. B. and Yamamoto, M.}
}
@book {174,
	title = {The Sipuncula. Their systematics, biology and evolution},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {453 pp},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	organization = {Cornell University Press},
	address = {Ithaca, N.Y.},
	author = {Cutler, E. B.}
}
@inbook {570,
	title = {Aplacophora},
	booktitle = {Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates: Mollusca I},
	year = {1994},
	note = {NO ABST OR SUMM; INTRO. APL. SPEC. MOLL. W{\textquoteright} DERIVED WORM SHAPE ACCOMP. BY REDUC.. OR LOSS OF FOOT \& A SMALL REDUC. POST. MANTLE CAVI. THERIR SPICULOSE CUTICULAR COAT \& INT. ANAT. HOWEVER REFLECT A RATHRE PRIM. MOLL. STATE. 2 GRPS. SUBCL NEOMENIOMORPHA (= SOLENOGASTRES SENSU SALVINI-PLAWEN) AND SUBCL. CHAETODERMOMORPHA (=CL CAUDOFOVEATA) HERE REF. AS NEOMENIOIDS \& CHAETODERMS... OUTLINE: GEN. ANAT, EPIDERMIS (MANTLE, VESTIBULE, ORAL SHIELD, FOOT \& PEDAL PIT, MANTLE CAVITY); BODY WALL \& LATERAL VENTRAL MUSC. HAEMOCOEL \& CIRCULATION, NERV. SYST. \& SENS. ELEMENTS, DIGESTIVE SYST., REPRODUCTIVE SYST., PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS, NOTE ADDED IN PROOF. BACK TO PHYLOG. P.47-51; FUZZY THING WHERE ATTRIBUTES MIGHT BE PRIMATIVE OR MIGHT NOT BE - I.E. REDUCTIONS VIA {\textquoteright}PROGENESIS{\textquoteright} SHE COPS OUT BY SAYING {\textquoteright}NEED MORE INFO{\textquoteright}.},
	pages = {13-54},
	publisher = {Wiley-Liss},
	organization = {Wiley-Liss},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {aplacophora},
	author = {Scheltema, A. H. and Tscherkassky, M. and Kuzirian, A. M.}
}
@article {360,
	title = {Phylum Sipuncula - part 1. Detailed catalog of valid genera, species synonyms and erroneous interpretations of sipunculans from the world with special reference to the Indian Ocean and Thailand},
	journal = {Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1994},
	note = {A LITERATURE STUDY OF REVISIONS IS PRESENTED IN A CATALOG CREATED TO OVERVIEW INFORMATION ON 617 SIPUNCULAN TAXA DESCRIBED FROM THE WORLD. SPECIFIC NAMES OF THE BINOMIAL CONSTITUTE ENTRIES TO THE CATALOG. THIS SYSTEM PROVIDES QUICK ACCESS TO THE STATUS OF A GIVEN SPECIES BY KEEPING ALL INFORMATION ABOUT A GIVEN SPECIES TOGETHER. THE NUMBER OF SIPUNCULAN TAXA WAS ESTIMATED AT ABOUT 367 IN 1972. DURING TWO DECADES OF REVISIONS, A GROOUP OF RESEARCHERS HAVE REDUCED THE NUMBER OF VALID SIP. TAXA TO 147 POLYTYPIC SPECIES AND 17 SUBSPECIES. THE VALID TAXA OF SIPUNCS. ARE PLACED IN 17 GENERA. EACH OF 5 GENERA CONTAINS ONLY A SINGLE SP.. THE 5 MOST SPECIES-RICH GENERA HAVE FROM 14-23 SSPECIES, VIZ. NEPHA, PHASCOLION, ASPIDO, PHASCOLOSOMA, \& GOLFINGIA. A TOTAL OF 169 TAXA HAVE BEEN REPORTED DURING 100 YRS OF SURVEYS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN. TODAY 90 OF THOSE TAXA ARE CONSIDERED SYNONYMS, 15 TAXA ARE SP. INQ. ETC.. WHILE 79 TAXDA ARE CONSIDERED VALID. RECENT REVISIONS HAVE ADDED 9 SP. AND 2 SUBSP. TO THE LIST OF VALID TAXA, MAKING A TOTAL OF 90 VALID TAXA IN THE INDIAN OCEAN. SPECIFIC MENTION OF SIPUNCULANS FROM THAILAND ONLY REFERS TO 8 VALID SP. CONSIDERATIONS IN REGARD OF GENUS AND SPECIES CONCEPTS ARE DISCUSSED TOGETHER WITH THE COMMEN5TS ON THE NUMBER OF SIP. TEAXA.},
	pages = {1-88},
	author = {Hylleberg, J.}
}
@article {359,
	title = {Phylum Sipuncula. - part 2. Cryptic fauna with emphasis on sipunculans in hump coral Porites ltea_, the Andaman Sea, Thailand},
	journal = {Phuket Mar. Biol. Cent. Res. Bull.},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ABST; A TOTAL OF 15 CRYPTIC SPECIES OF SIPUNCULANS WERE ENCOUNTERED IN HEADS OF LIVE PORITES LUTEA SAMPLED ALONG GRADIENTS OF DEPTH OF 0-20 M, AND GRADIENTS OF TURBIDITY RANGING FROM BLUE OCEANIC WATER TO MUDDY MANGROVE WATER. THE FOLLOWING 8 SP. CONSTITUTED 96\% OF THE SIPUNCULANS ENCOUNTERED: ANT. ANT.1\%, ASP. ELEGANS 19\%, A. STEENST. STEENS 2\%, CL. ASPER. 25\%, PH. NIGRES, 2\%, P. PERLUC.13\%, P. SCOLOPS 32\%, TH. LAGEN. 0.6\%. THE REMAINING 7 SPEC. WERE ONLY ID{\textquoteright}D TO GENERA. VIZ. SIPHOSOMA, GOLF. ASPID. (ASP \& PARAS), THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERRN IS DISCUSSD IN RELATION TO BIOEROSION AND PRESENCE OF OTHER CRYPTIC TAXA.},
	pages = {33-41},
	keywords = {coral \& sipunc},
	author = {Hylleberg, J.}
}
@article {139,
	title = {Species pool and dynamics of marine paleocommunities},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {264},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ABST; FORAMS COMMUN. IN CENOZOIC SHELF OF N.A. ATL. COASTAL PLANE SHOW LITTLE UNITY DURING ALMOST 55 MILL YRS OF SUCCESSIVE TRANSGRESSIONS \& REGRESSIONS. TR. COMM. COMPOSED OF DYNAMIC MIX OF IMMIGR. \& NEWLY EVOLVED SPP. DURING REGR. SPP W{\textquoteright}IN COMM. EITHER BECAME EXTINCT OR EMMIGR. SOME EMMIG. RETURNED DURING SUBSEQ. TRANSGR. BUT MANY DID NOT. THE NERITIC SPP OF ATL. \& GULF CONT. MARG. CONSTITURE A SPP POOL. IMM \& EMIG. TRANSFEREED INTO \& OUT OF THIS SPP. POOL WHILE EXTINCT. \& ORIGIN. REPEATEDLY ALTERED ITS SP. COMPOSITION. WHILE RESULTS INDICATE A LACK OF LOCAL COMM. UNITY AT THE SAME TIME THEY DEMONST. THE NECESS. OF SPP. POOL TO SUSTAIN SPP. DIVERSITY.},
	pages = {1439-1441},
	keywords = {forams, paleao ocean.},
	author = {Buzas, M. A. and Culver, S. J.}
}
@article {646,
	title = {The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate systematics},
	journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ABST; ROLE OF ENZ.ELECT DISC. AS APPL. TO INVERT SYST. ; METHODS OF DIST. \& IDENT. CRYPTIC OR SIBLING SP. \& DIFF. APPROACHES TO SYMPAT. \& ALLOPAT. POP. REVIEWED. CALC. \& USES OF GENETIC DIST. MEAS. OUTLINED.\& IMPERICAL RELAT. OF SUCH MEAS. TO DIFF. LEV. OF TAXON. SEPARATION. DIFFIC. \& LIMIT. OF TECH. EXP. \& ADVANT. EVID. FOR MOLEC. CLKS OUTLINED \& ROLE IN SYST DISCUS. AS ARE METH. OF ANAL. GEN. DIVERG. DATA FOR SYST. REF. TABULATED. INTRO; ..... NOT USED AT SUPRASP. LEVELS.. ANEMONES \& FAMILYS; ALSO SPONGES. DIFF LIFE CYCLE STATES MAY BE ID{\textquoteright}D THIS WAY**. HU, 1992 W{\textquoteright} OYSTER LARVAE.. P.11; BARNACLES, ASCINDIANS; ...MOLEC. CLKS.. CONCLUSIONS; BEST AT DISCRIM. SYMPAT. POPS; COMPARE ALLOPAT. POPS. BUT WEAKER \& DEPENDS ON SP.CONCEPTS USED. ESTIMATE DIVERG. BETWEEN CONGENERIC SPP. UP TO 50 MILL. YRS. LIMITATIONS - FRESH MATERIAL, HARD TO COMPARE DATA FRM DIFF. LABS... SPLITTING \& LUMPING....HIGHER DIVERS USING MOLEC. TOOLS. FUTURE TRENDS; REMAIN A BASIC TOOL AT SPECIES LEVEL.},
	pages = {3-18},
	keywords = {allozyme, SYSTEMATICS},
	author = {Thorpe, J. P. and Sole-Cava, A. M.}
}
