@article {478,
	title = {Salt and water balance in the sipunculan Phascolopsis gouldi, is any animal a "simple osmometer"?},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology},
	volume = {71a},
	year = {1982},
	note = {@ 1. P.G. CAN TOLERATE SALIN FRM 45 TO AT LEAST 00\% SW (LITERAT TO 160\%. NONE SURVIVED AT 40\% SW. 2. IN THIS RANGE P.G. OSMOTIC \& IONIC CONFORMER. 3. OSMOTIC \& SODIUM CONC. OF COEL. FLUID ARE SAME AS MEDIUM; CL CONCENT IS ABOUT 9\% LESS THAN MEDIUM; POTASS CONC ABOUT 30\% HIGHER. 4. ANALYSIS OF WATER CONTENT REGULATION SHOWS LIMITED ABILITY FOR VOL. REGULA ONLY IF SAL OVER 58\% SW. 5. P.G. IS NOT A {\textquoteright}SIMPLE OSMOMETER{\textquoteright}.},
	pages = {363-368},
	keywords = {osmoregulation, p. gouldi},
	author = {Oglesby, L.}
}
@article {318,
	title = {Osmotic and ionic balance in the mangrove sipunculid, <i>Phascolosoma arcuatum</i>},
	journal = {Marine Research in Indonesia},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {61},
	keywords = {osmoregulation},
	author = {Green, J. P. and Dunn, D. F.}
}
@article {317,
	title = {Chloride and osmotic balance in the euryhaline sipunculid Phascolosoma arcuatum from a Malaysian mangrove swamp _____________________},
	journal = {Biological Bulletin},
	volume = {150},
	number = {2},
	year = {1976},
	note = {SUMMARY: 1. EURYHALINE SIP P.ARC. LIVES FROM LOWEST TO HIGHEST LEVELS IN MANGROVE SWAMPS ALONG WEST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. 2. CHLORIDE ION IN COELOM OF FRESHLY COLLECTED P.A. RANGED FROM 189-571 MEQ Cl \& TOTAL OSMOTIC CONTENT FROM 396-1135 MOSMOL. LOWER CONC. WERE HYPERIONIC \& HYPEROSMOTIC TO SURROUNDING H2O, BUT HIGHER CONC WERE ISOIONIC \& ISOSMOTIC. 3. WORMS KEPT UP TO 64 HRS. IN LAB \& ARTIF CH2O FROM 40-100\% STANDARD CH2O WERE UNIFORMLY ISO(IONIC/OSMOTIC) AT EQUIL. WEIGHT STAILIZED AT ABOUT THE SAME TIME AS DID IONIC \& OSMOTIC CONTENT OF COEL. FLUID WITHOUT EVID. OF BEING REGULATED. 4. UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS, MUD IN THE WORMS{\textquoteright} GUTS AND AROUND THEM MAY ACT AS A BUFFER, THEREBY ALLOWING THE ANIMALS TO MAINTAIN AN IONIC AND OSMOTIC STATE DIFFERING FROM THAT OF THEIR ENVIR. *GOOD REVIEW IN OGLESBY 1968/9* BODY VOLUME MAY BE CONTROLLED UNDER LOW STRESS CONDITIONS...ABSENCE OF OSOREGULATORY ABILITY... POSSIBLE EXCEPTION OF WHAT OGLESBY CALLS P.LURCO... ATYPICAL HABITAT...},
	pages = {211-221},
	keywords = {osmoregulation, p. arcuatum},
	author = {Green, J. P. and Dunn, D. F.}
}
@article {282,
	title = {Comparative biochemical studies of osmoregulation in Sipuncula{\textendash}I. Steady-state characteristics of two sipunculids in full-strength sea water},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology},
	volume = {47a},
	year = {1974},
	note = {@ 1. CHEMIC. ANALY OF CENTRIFUGED COELOMIC FLUID, BODY WALL, RETS, COELOMOCYTES OF T.D. \& P.G. IN FULL SW. 2. BOTH ISOSMOTIC TO SW. Na \& Cl MAJOR SOLUTES; FREE AM.AC. \& GLUCOSE NOT SIGNIF. CONTRIBUTORS TO OSMOTIC PRESS. 3. P.G. LITTLE HYPERIONIC IN Na; T.D. HYPO-IONIC IN Ca. BOTH WITH HIER K \& LOWER Cs, Mg, SO4, \& ORTHOPHOSPHATE THAN SW. 4. OTHER TISSUES CLOSELY ISOSMOTIC TO COEL. FLUID. 5. GLYCINE IS MAJOR CONSTITUENT (80$) OF FAA POOL OF T.D. RETS. 6. ORTHOPHOSPHATE MORE CONCENTRATED IN SIP MUSC. TISS THAN C{\textquoteright}CYTES. C{\textquoteright}CYTES DISTINCT AS HAVE HI INTRACELLULAR GLUCOSE LEVEL.},
	pages = {855-866},
	keywords = {osmoregulation, p. gouldi, th. dyscritum},
	author = {Foster, R. C.}
}
@article {348,
	title = {Further observations on salt balance in the sipunculid worm Themiste dyscritum __________________},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology},
	volume = {42a},
	year = {1972},
	note = {@ OSMOTIC \& IONIC CONCENTRATIONS OF CENTRIFUGED COELOMIC FLUIDS OF T.DYS. WERE MEASURED IN WORMS ADAPTED TO A SALINITY RANGE FROM 41-101 \% NORMAL CH2O. 2. T.D. IS OSMOTIC CONFORMER OVER THIS ENTIRE SALINITY RANGE AND IS ISO-IONIC WITH RESPECT TO Na+ 3. APPARENTLY GREATER CONCENT.OF K+ IN THE COELOMIC FLUID THAN IN THE MEDIUM; THIS MAY RESULT FROM RELEASE OF INTERCELL FLUIDS AFTER CELL DAMAGE DURING SAMPLING. 4. WORMS FRESHLY COLLECTED ARE ISO-IONIC W RESPECT TO CL- BUT THE COEL. FLD OF WORMS MAINTAINED IN HIGH SAL. BECOME HYPO-IONIC TO THE MEDIUM AFTER A FEW DAYS IN THE LAB. WORMS IN LO SAL IN THE LAB ARE ALSO HYPO-IONIC W RESP TO CL-. 5. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT ALL SIPS SO FAR STUDIED ARE PROBABLY OSMO-CONFORMERS WITH LIMITED POWERS OF ION REGULATION AT ANY SALINITY.},
	pages = {915-926},
	keywords = {osmoregulation, th. dyscritum},
	author = {Hogue, E. W. and Oglesby, L. C.}
}
@article {479,
	title = {Some osmotic responses of the sipunculid worm Themiste dyscritum},
	journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1968},
	note = {@ 1. T.D. IS STENOHALINE IN NATURE BUT TOLERATES A WIDE RANGE OF SALINITIES IN THE LAB. 168-639 mM CL-, OR 30-114\% SEA WATER. LONG-TERM SURVIVAL PROBABLY DOES NOT OCCUR BELOW ABOUT 50\% CH2O. 2. T.D. IS A PASSIVE OSMOCONFORMER OVER THIS ENTIRE SALINITY RANGE, BUT HAS AN APPARENT ION DEFICIT IN THE COELOMIC FLUID, AS INDICATED BY LOW INTERNAL CL CONCENTRATIONS RELATIVE TO EXT. LEVELS. THIS APPARENT ION DEFICIT IS MOST MARKED IN WORMS IN LOW SALINITIES, AND MAY BE MADE UP BY SMALL MOLECULAR WEIGHT ORGANIC MOLECULES. 3. WATER CONTENT DEPENDS ON SALINITY \& WORMS TAKE UP LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER OSMOTICALLY AFTER PUT IN LO SAL. VOLUME CONTROL POSSIBLE IF DIFFERENTIAL NOT EXCESSIVE. 4. NEPH CONT SIMILAR TO COELOMIC. 5. LIMITED DATA ON P.AG. IN 84\% CH2O SUGGESTS COELOMIC FL SLIGHTLY HYPEROSMOTIC TO THE MEDIUM, BUT ISO-IONIC WITH RESPECT TO CHLORIDE.},
	pages = {155-177},
	keywords = {osmoregulation, th. dyscritum},
	author = {Oglesby, L. C.}
}
@article {321,
	title = {Osmotic responses in the sipunculid Dendrostomum zostericolum},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1954},
	note = {XX},
	pages = {403-423},
	keywords = {osmoregulation},
	author = {Gross, W. J.}
}
