@article {697,
	title = {Two new species of Nephasoma (Sipuncula: Golfingiidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {122},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {423ASTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:21},
	month = {Mar 20},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Two new species of the genus Nephasoma, phylum Sipuncula, are described from subtropical waters of the western Atlantic. Nephasoma (Nephasoma) columbaris is described from the central east coast of Florida where it is found along the edge of the continental shelf at depths of 61 to 104 m associated with the rubble from the reefs of the deep water coral Oculina varicosa. A second species, Nephasoma (Nephasoma) ditadii, is described from Brazilian waters in sand habitats at 150 m on the continental shelf off the coast of the state of Sao Paulo. Morphology of the two species is compared with allied species in the genus and the phylum. Usage in the taxonomic literature of the diagnostic characters "shield" and "pseudoshield" is reviewed and evaluated.},
	keywords = {revision},
	isbn = {0006-324X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000264469400001},
	author = {Kawauchi, G. Y. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {693,
	title = {Nephasoma pellucidum: A model species for sipunculan development?},
	journal = {Smitsonian contributions to the Marine Sciences},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {209-217},
	author = {Schulze, A. and Rice, E. M.}
}
@inbook {239,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {??},
	year = {1999},
	note = {MS ONLY - REPLACE WHEN PUBLISHED - 1996 REVIEWED IT.},
	pages = {??},
	author = {Edmonds, S. J.},
	editor = {wells, A.}
}
@article {533,
	title = {A survey of the Sipuncula of the Indian River Lagoon},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ABST; FROM 22 STAT. IN THE IND. RIV.LAG. RANGING FROM HAULOVER CANAL IN THE NORTH TO ST. LUCIE IN THE SOUTH 18 SP. OF SIPS ARE REPORTED. HABITATS INCLUDE OYSTER BEDS, SUBTIDEAL AND INTERTIDAL SANDS, SEA-GRASS BEDS AND SEA WALLS. THE GREATEST JNUMBER OF SP OCCURS NEAR INLETS: SABASTIAN, FR. PIERCE, \& ST. LUCIE. THE MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN THE I.R.LAG. IS P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM AVER. 3 CM. IN LENGTH. USUALLY BURIED IN THE UPPER 5 CM. OF SANDY SEDIMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SEAGRASS BEDS IT INHABITS DISCARDED GASTROPOD SHELLS IN SHALLOW WATGERS THRUOUT THE LAG.. DEVELOPMENT IS DIRECT, A CRAWLING VERMIFORM STAGE HATCHING FROM EGG COVERINGS WITHIN 2 DAYS. THE SECOND MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTYED SIP. IS THEMISTE LAGENIFORMIS, ATTAINING A MAXIMUM EXTENDED LENGTH OF 4 CM.. OCCURING MOST COMMONLY NEAR THE INLETS OF FT. PIERCE \& ST. LUCIE, IT IS ASSOCIATED EITHER WITH OYSTER BEDS, WHERE IT LIVES IN AND AMAONAG THE SHELLS, OR WITH THE ENCRUSTING FAUNA ON SEAWALLS, AMONG THE VERMATID SNAILS, SPONGES, AND TUNICATES. IN OYSTER BEDS NEAR FT. PIERCE IT OCCURS IN DENSITIES AS GREAT AS 2100/SQ.M.. THIS SP. IS PARTHENOGENIC; IT{\textquoteright}S DEVELOPMENT INCLUDES AQ SHORT-LIVED, NON FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAL STAGE. OTHER SPECIES, FOUND MOSTLY IN SMALL NUMBERS NEAR THE INLETS, ARE CHARACTERIZED GENERALLY BY DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS WITH LONG-LIVED FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAE. WHETHER THEY EXTABLISH BREEDING POPULATIONS IN THE IND.R.LAG. HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED. SECT. HEADS: MAT \& METH; SYST. SURV. DISTRIB. HABITS. SIP.NUDUS, S.J POLYMYOTUS, XENO. SP. SIPH. CUMANENSE, S. INGENS, SIPH. SP.. NEPH. PELLUCIDUM, P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM, TH. ALUTACEA, TH. LAGENIFORMIS, ANT. ANT. PH. PERLUCENS, PH. VARIENS (*=NIGRESCENS) / ASP. FISCHERI, SPINOSOSCUTATUS(*=PARVULUS), ASP. STEENSTRUPII, ASP. SP..},
	pages = {128-135},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Piraino, J. and Reichardt, H. F.}
}
@book {174,
	title = {The Sipuncula. Their systematics, biology and evolution},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {453 pp},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	organization = {Cornell University Press},
	address = {Ithaca, N.Y.},
	author = {Cutler, E. B.}
}
@inbook {528,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates: Onychophora, Chilopoda, and lesser Protostomata},
	year = {1993},
	note = {OUTLINE: INTRO, GROSS MORPHOLOGY, SYSTEMATICS, BODY WALL (CUTICLE, EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, BODY WALL MUSC, PERITONEUM) GLANDULAR ORGANS, MUSCULAR SYSTEM (BODY WALL M, RETRACTOR M. OTHER MUSC.), DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, CIRCULATION \& RESPIRATION (COELOMIC ELEMENTS, TENTACULAR SYSTEM) EXCRETORY SYSTEM, NERVOUS SYST.(VENTRAL N.CORD, NERVES, BRAIN, SENSORY ORG), REPRODUCTIVE SYST.(GONAD, COELOMIC OOGENESIS, COELOMIC SPRMATOGENESIS, MATURATION \& FERTILIZATION). (OVER 200 FIGS, MOSTLY S.E.M.},
	pages = {237-325},
	publisher = {Wiley-Liss},
	organization = {Wiley-Liss},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {fine structure},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@book {694,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	series = {Fauna Ib{\'e}rica},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {200 pp},
	publisher = {Museuo Nacional de Ciencias Naurales CSIC},
	organization = {Museuo Nacional de Ciencias Naurales CSIC},
	address = {Madrid},
	author = {Saiz Salinas, J. I.}
}
@article {559,
	title = {The Sipuncula from the Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Bay},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	number = {24},
	year = {1990},
	note = {SIPS COLLECTED DURING {\textquoteright}BALGIN{\textquoteright} SURV. OF .... FROM ALBORAN SEA, ST. OF GIBRAL \& MOROC BAY FROM DEPTHS 150-2110M. 24 SPECIES \& 4 INCOMPL SP FROM 8 GENRERA. 5-N. CONFUSUM, N. LILLJEBORGI, N. RIMICOLA, P{\textquoteright}LION CAUPO, \& A. ZINNI FIRST RECORDS FROM THIS AREA. CLOSE FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VERTICL SIMIL. STAT; 3 GRPS 1. W A. MUELLERI IN SHALLOW BOTT 2. W N. CONSTRICTUM AS CHAR FROM DEEPER BOTTOMS. BOTH FROM SHELL/CORAL FRAG. 3. A. MURINAE FROM BOTTOMS W FINER SEDIMENTS. *THIS IS ALSO IN HERE AS A GALLEY ONLY. SUSPECT THIS IS ALSO BUILT INTO SAIZ{\textquoteright}S {\textquoteright}FAUNA IBERICO?{\textquoteright} AS YET UNPUBLISHED. DELETED OLD RECORD $\#$31 FROM THIS FILE = EARLIER VERSION OF MS *NOTES ON SYST. PART IN FILE C:SAIZVILL.MON LAST SET; COMMUNITY ANALYSIS - USED 56 STAT. \& 28 SPP. SPEC.DENS. CLUSTER ANAL \& DENDROGRM; ABUNDANCE, PRINC.COMP. ANALY. ... 3 GRPS A.MUEEL, AP.MURINAE, N.CONSTRICTUM; 3,964 SIPS, 6\% OF TOTAL 80\% OF SAMPLES HAD SIPS. SOME STAT. W 7 SPP.; STS. OF GIB. NOT EFFECTIVE BARRIER FOR {\textquoteright}CORE SP{\textquoteright}. A.MUR. RARE IN MEDD. ; DPET/SP CORREL. MORE INTERESTING; A.MUELL SHALL, N.CON. DEEP (600+ A.MUR EURYBATHL.},
	pages = {1143-1177},
	author = {Saiz Salinas, J. I. and Villafranca Urchegui, L.}
}
@inbook {526,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Reproductive biology of invertebrates},
	year = {1988},
	note = {GENERAL REHASH.. CONCLUSIONS; SIPS SMALL PHYLUM HAVE EXPLOITED WIDE VAR. OF PATHWAYS; 2 EXTREMES - PROLONGED LECITHO. DEVEL W NO PELAG. STAGE; OTHER LONG PLANKTOTROPHIC DEVEL W 2 PELAG STAGES W LONG LIVED OCEANIC LARV. BETWEEN ARE INTERMED MODES W TROCH \& JUVINILE; GOOD QUESTION IS COORELATION BETWE DEVEL. PATT. \& ZOOGEO DIST. OF SPP. OTHER PROBL; REGULATORY MECHAN. GOVERN DEVEL PROCESSES; HORMONAL?? METAMORPH \& SETTLEMENT...; PART 3E; METAM OF PELAGEOSPH..},
	pages = {263-280},
	publisher = {Oxford \& IBH},
	organization = {Oxford \& IBH},
	address = {Kerala},
	keywords = {reproduction},
	author = {Rice, M. E.},
	editor = {Adiyodi, K. G. and Adiyodi, R. G.}
}
@article {551,
	title = {Los gusanos sipunculidos (Sipuncula) de los fondos litorales y circalitorales de las costas de la peninsula Iberica, Islas Baleares, Canarias y mares adyacentes},
	journal = {Monografias Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Madrid},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {1-84},
	author = {Saiz Salinas, J. I.}
}
@article {204,
	title = {A revision of the genus Nephasoma (Sipuncula, Golfingiidae)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {99},
	number = {4},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {547-573},
	author = {Cutler, N. J. and Cutler, E. B.}
}
@article {172,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	journal = {Encyclopedia fo Science and Technology},
	year = {1984},
	publisher = {McGraw Hill},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Cutler, E. B.},
	editor = {Parker, SybilP}
}
@inbook {518,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Oogenesis, Oviposition and Oosorption},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {283-296},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	keywords = {development},
	author = {Rice, M. E.},
	editor = {Adiyodi, K. G. and Adiyodi, R. G.}
}
@article {219,
	title = {On the sipunculan Golfingia confusa (Sluiter, 1902)},
	journal = {Papeis Avulsos de Zoologie, Sao Paulo},
	volume = {34},
	number = {10},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {125-134},
	author = {Ditadi, A. S. F. and Migotto, A. E.}
}
@article {698,
	title = {Distribution and structure of deep-water <i>Oculina varicosa</i> coral reefs off Central Eastern Florida},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {667-677},
	isbn = {0007-4977},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1980KF51200012},
	author = {Reed, J. K.}
}
@article {164,
	title = {The bathyal and abyssal Sipuncula},
	journal = {Galathea Report},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {135-156},
	author = {Cutler, E. B.}
}
@article {474,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	journal = {Nature Study},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {1977},
	pages = {47-48},
	keywords = {in japanese},
	author = {Nishikawa, T.}
}
@article {513,
	title = {Larval development and metamorphosis in Sipuncula},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1976},
	note = {@ BRIEF REVIEW OF DEVEL.IN SIPS - 4 PATTERNS; 1. DIRECT W NO PELAG STAGE; 2. ONE LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE; 3. 2 LARV STG, A LECI TROCH \& LECI PELAGO; 4. 2 LARV. STG., LECI TROCH \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA. LARV. TYPES \& THEIR METAMORPH DESCRIBED, SPECIAL ATTENTION TO DEVEL \& MORPH OF LARV CUTICLE. IN MOST SPP STUDIED THE EGG ENVILOPE TRANSFORMED TO LARV CUTI AT METAMOR OF TROCH. SURF. PAPS ON MANY PELAGO LARV., DIVERSE FORMS; UNDERLYING CUTI OF LAYERS OF FIBERS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER.},
	pages = {563-571},
	keywords = {cuticle, development, LARVAE},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {692,
	title = {Larval development and metamorphosis in Sipuncula},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1976},
	note = {@ BRIEF REVIEW OF DEVEL.IN SIPS - 4 PATTERNS; 1. DIRECT W NO PELAG STAGE; 2. ONE LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE; 3. 2 LARV STG, A LECI TROCH \& LECI PELAGO; 4. 2 LARV. STG., LECI TROCH \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA. LARV. TYPES \& THEIR METAMORPH DESCRIBED, SPECIAL ATTENTION TO DEVEL \& MORPH OF LARV CUTICLE. IN MOST SPP STUDIED THE EGG ENVILOPE TRANSFORMED TO LARV CUTI AT METAMOR OF TROCH. SURF. PAPS ON MANY PELAGO LARV., DIVERSE FORMS; UNDERLYING CUTI OF LAYERS OF FIBERS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER.},
	pages = {563-571},
	keywords = {cuticle, development, LARVAE},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@inbook {512,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates},
	year = {1975},
	note = {@ CHAPT. OF 1975 BOOK; MORE REHASH BUT PERHAPS MORE COMPLETE THAN SOME OTHERS? MARG. L. READ. 4.1 INTRO 4.2 ASEXUAL - 2 SPP, ASP BROCKI (RICE 70) DAUGHTER 1/5 OF PARENT..FIGS; SUMMARY - 15\% OF POPUL THEREFORE {\textquoteright}NATURAL.- SEXUAL REPRO NOT OBSERVED ALTHO GONADS SEEN. 2ND SP IS S.ROBUSTUS - RAJULU - TRANSV. FISSION. ONLY UNDER STRESS.. REGENERATION 4.3.1 SEXUAL REPRO / DIMORPHISM - CAN{\textquoteright}T TELL BUT COLOR OF GAMETES SOMETIMES SEEN - CAN ALSO WITHDRAW GAMETES. 4.3.2 HERMAPH; G.MINUTA ONLY; PROTANDROUS; UNEXPLAINED PREDOM OF FEMALE - G. ELONG, VULG, MINUTA KEF 1883 200/200 FEMALES ETC. 60/1, 50/37 MALE/FEM 4.3.3. ANATOMY OF REPRO SYST.; NARROW DIGITATE BAND OF TISSUE ALONG BASE OF VENT. RETS.. MAY DISAPPEAR; IN PERITONEAL SHEATH \& SUSPENDED BY PERIT MESENT; AT DISTAL END GAMETES MORE MATURE; N{\textquoteright}PORE \& N{\textquoteright}STOME AS OPENINGS FOR GAMETES; 4.3.4. ORIGIN OF GERM CELLS - NO DATA; ?FROM PERITON?? RETROPERITON 4.3.5.1 CYTODIFFERENTIATION OF OVARIAN OOCYTES; OO{\textquoteright} RELEASED AT DIPLOTENE OF PROPH.1; 7 REGIONS OF OV. OF G.VULG (FIG. FROM ?GANS) 1956A; CHROMO SPIRALIZED \& TETRADS FORMED... AGASS; GANS, 56 MOST EXHAUSTIVE STUDY; FIG.6 -STAGES OF COEL DIFFER FOLLICLE CELLS PRESENT BUT DETACHED AT DIFF POINTS; BLEBS... MAY SEE SOME POLARITY; SOME BILATERALITY; ?FLATTENING; MICROVILLI, EGG ENVEL IS MUCOPROT.; FIG.8 EM OF ENVEL; FIG.9 GROWTH OF LAYERS..; MITOCHONDRIA, VESICLES, GRANULES, RUFF ER...; RESPIR/METAB PEAKS DURING YOLK FORMATION...; LIPID SPHERES; SHAPE SPHERE/OVAL/FLAT; 4.3.5.3 DIFFER{\textquoteright}TION OF MALE GAMETES; VERY LITTLE KNOWN; CLUSTERS > SPLIT APART LATE; LOW ACROSOMAL CAPS BUT THIS VARIES ? MAYBE AS PER EGG MEMB /JELLY COAT? 4.3.6. GAMETOGENIC CYCLE - 4 SPP. G.VULG / T. PUGG / PH. AGAS; ALL FROM TEMP. H2O; P.LURCO TOO; VULG IN FR. JUNE-SEPT SPAWN; T.PUGG OCT-DEC SPAWN; SAME SEQUENCE OF CHANGES BUT DIFF TIMING; PH.AG. IN SAN JUAN JUNE-AUG; IN MONTERAY MAR-MAY; (SIZE OF OOCYTES OVER TIME - FIGS) BUT GROW ALL YEAR LONG / NOT 1ST TWO; PH.ARCUATUM DEC-FEB IN AUSTRAL \& LACKS ANY KIND OF GAMETES FOR 2 MONTHS \& SPERM ONLY PRESENT FOR A FEW MONTHS; 4.3.7. FACTORS INFLU GAM{\textquoteright}GENESIS; ?NEUROSECRETORY SUBST? EXOGENOUS FACTORS E.G. TEMP/PHOTOPER ETC SUGGESTED; SOME TROPICAL SP. MAY BREED ALL YEAR? 2 POPS OF PH.AG. DIFF TIMES; 4.3.8. SPAWNING \& BREEDING PERIODS; NEPH SWELL \& WORMS MORE ACTIVE; SYNCHRONY IMPORTANT - HYPOTHESIS ONLY; SEE RICE.MON FOR MORE**},
	pages = {67-127},
	publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},
	organization = {Academic Press Inc.},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {298,
	title = {On the genus Golfingia (Sipuncula) in the Plymouth area with a description of a new species},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {73-86},
	author = {Gibbs, P. E.}
}
@article {161,
	title = {Sipuncula of the western North Atlantic},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History},
	volume = {152},
	number = {3},
	year = {1973},
	pages = {105-204},
	author = {Cutler, E. B.}
}
@book {625,
	title = {The phyla Sipuncula and Echiura},
	year = {1972},
	pages = {528 pp},
	publisher = {Trustees British Mus. (Nat. Hist.)},
	organization = {Trustees British Mus. (Nat. Hist.)},
	address = {London},
	author = {Stephen, A. C. and Edmonds, S. J.}
}
@article {613,
	title = {Sipunculids},
	journal = {B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Reports, Series B},
	volume = {5},
	number = {4},
	year = {1948},
	pages = {213-220},
	author = {Stephen, A. C.}
}
@article {669,
	title = {Gephyrea},
	journal = {Bulletin Musee royal d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle de Belgique},
	volume = {13},
	number = {36},
	year = {1937},
	pages = {1-23},
	author = {Wesenberg-Lund, E.}
}
@article {671,
	title = {Gephyrea},
	journal = {Zoology of Iceland},
	volume = {2},
	number = {23},
	year = {1937},
	pages = {1-16},
	author = {Wesenberg-Lund, E.}
}
@article {142,
	title = {Gephyrea},
	journal = {Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-18},
	volume = {9},
	number = {D},
	year = {1920},
	pages = {3-7},
	author = {Chamberlin, R. V.}
}
@article {600,
	title = {Gephyrea of the coasts of Ireland},
	journal = {Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch, Department of Agriculture for Ireland},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1913},
	pages = {1-46},
	author = {Southern, R.}
}
@article {381,
	title = {Bidrag til de norske Gephyrea naturhistorie},
	journal = {Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1875},
	pages = {108-138},
	author = {Koren, J. and Danielsen, D. C.}
}
@article {374,
	title = {Beitrage zur anatomischen und systematischen Kenntniss der Sipunculiden},
	journal = {Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1865},
	pages = {404-445},
	author = {Keferstein, W.}
}
