@article {697,
	title = {Two new species of Nephasoma (Sipuncula: Golfingiidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {122},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {423ASTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:21},
	month = {Mar 20},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Two new species of the genus Nephasoma, phylum Sipuncula, are described from subtropical waters of the western Atlantic. Nephasoma (Nephasoma) columbaris is described from the central east coast of Florida where it is found along the edge of the continental shelf at depths of 61 to 104 m associated with the rubble from the reefs of the deep water coral Oculina varicosa. A second species, Nephasoma (Nephasoma) ditadii, is described from Brazilian waters in sand habitats at 150 m on the continental shelf off the coast of the state of Sao Paulo. Morphology of the two species is compared with allied species in the genus and the phylum. Usage in the taxonomic literature of the diagnostic characters "shield" and "pseudoshield" is reviewed and evaluated.},
	keywords = {revision},
	isbn = {0006-324X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000264469400001},
	author = {Kawauchi, G. Y. and Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {533,
	title = {A survey of the Sipuncula of the Indian River Lagoon},
	journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
	volume = {57},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {ABST; FROM 22 STAT. IN THE IND. RIV.LAG. RANGING FROM HAULOVER CANAL IN THE NORTH TO ST. LUCIE IN THE SOUTH 18 SP. OF SIPS ARE REPORTED. HABITATS INCLUDE OYSTER BEDS, SUBTIDEAL AND INTERTIDAL SANDS, SEA-GRASS BEDS AND SEA WALLS. THE GREATEST JNUMBER OF SP OCCURS NEAR INLETS: SABASTIAN, FR. PIERCE, \& ST. LUCIE. THE MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN THE I.R.LAG. IS P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM AVER. 3 CM. IN LENGTH. USUALLY BURIED IN THE UPPER 5 CM. OF SANDY SEDIMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SEAGRASS BEDS IT INHABITS DISCARDED GASTROPOD SHELLS IN SHALLOW WATGERS THRUOUT THE LAG.. DEVELOPMENT IS DIRECT, A CRAWLING VERMIFORM STAGE HATCHING FROM EGG COVERINGS WITHIN 2 DAYS. THE SECOND MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTYED SIP. IS THEMISTE LAGENIFORMIS, ATTAINING A MAXIMUM EXTENDED LENGTH OF 4 CM.. OCCURING MOST COMMONLY NEAR THE INLETS OF FT. PIERCE \& ST. LUCIE, IT IS ASSOCIATED EITHER WITH OYSTER BEDS, WHERE IT LIVES IN AND AMAONAG THE SHELLS, OR WITH THE ENCRUSTING FAUNA ON SEAWALLS, AMONG THE VERMATID SNAILS, SPONGES, AND TUNICATES. IN OYSTER BEDS NEAR FT. PIERCE IT OCCURS IN DENSITIES AS GREAT AS 2100/SQ.M.. THIS SP. IS PARTHENOGENIC; IT{\textquoteright}S DEVELOPMENT INCLUDES AQ SHORT-LIVED, NON FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAL STAGE. OTHER SPECIES, FOUND MOSTLY IN SMALL NUMBERS NEAR THE INLETS, ARE CHARACTERIZED GENERALLY BY DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS WITH LONG-LIVED FEEDING PELAGIC LARVAE. WHETHER THEY EXTABLISH BREEDING POPULATIONS IN THE IND.R.LAG. HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED. SECT. HEADS: MAT \& METH; SYST. SURV. DISTRIB. HABITS. SIP.NUDUS, S.J POLYMYOTUS, XENO. SP. SIPH. CUMANENSE, S. INGENS, SIPH. SP.. NEPH. PELLUCIDUM, P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUM, TH. ALUTACEA, TH. LAGENIFORMIS, ANT. ANT. PH. PERLUCENS, PH. VARIENS (*=NIGRESCENS) / ASP. FISCHERI, SPINOSOSCUTATUS(*=PARVULUS), ASP. STEENSTRUPII, ASP. SP..},
	pages = {128-135},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Piraino, J. and Reichardt, H. F.}
}
@inbook {528,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates: Onychophora, Chilopoda, and lesser Protostomata},
	year = {1993},
	note = {OUTLINE: INTRO, GROSS MORPHOLOGY, SYSTEMATICS, BODY WALL (CUTICLE, EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, BODY WALL MUSC, PERITONEUM) GLANDULAR ORGANS, MUSCULAR SYSTEM (BODY WALL M, RETRACTOR M. OTHER MUSC.), DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, CIRCULATION \& RESPIRATION (COELOMIC ELEMENTS, TENTACULAR SYSTEM) EXCRETORY SYSTEM, NERVOUS SYST.(VENTRAL N.CORD, NERVES, BRAIN, SENSORY ORG), REPRODUCTIVE SYST.(GONAD, COELOMIC OOGENESIS, COELOMIC SPRMATOGENESIS, MATURATION \& FERTILIZATION). (OVER 200 FIGS, MOSTLY S.E.M.},
	pages = {237-325},
	publisher = {Wiley-Liss},
	organization = {Wiley-Liss},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {fine structure},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {529,
	title = {Two new species of Phascolion (Sipuncula: Phascolionidae) from tropical and subtropical of the central western Atlantic},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington},
	volume = {106},
	number = {3},
	year = {1993},
	note = {ABST: P. (ISOMYA) GERARDI, A NEW SPECIES OF SIPUNCULA IS DESCRIBED FROM LITTORAL WATERS OF THE BAHAMAS, BELIZE, AND THE YUCATAN COAST OF MEXICO WHERE IT INHABITS RUBBLE ASSOCIATED WITH CORAL REEFS. A NEW INTERSTITIAL SPECIES P.(P.) PSAMMOPHILUS, IS DESCRIBED FROM DEPTHS OF 15-19M OFF THE COAST OF E. CENTRAL FLORIDA. IT IS THE FIRST SIP. DOCUMENTED AS AN ADULT RATHER THAN A JUVINILE TO BE REPORTED AS A MEMBER OF THE MEIOFAUNAL COMMUNITY. OBSERVATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT RESULTING FROM LABORATORY SPAWNINGS REVEAL A TYPICAL LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE AND A SHORT LIVED LECITHOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA LARVA THAT TRANSFORMS INTO A CRAWLING JUVINLE AT 4 DAYS OF AGE. STATION DATA FOR THESE COLLECTIONS ARE PRESENTED IN AN APP..},
	pages = {591-601},
	keywords = {new species, phascolion},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@inbook {526,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Reproductive biology of invertebrates},
	year = {1988},
	note = {GENERAL REHASH.. CONCLUSIONS; SIPS SMALL PHYLUM HAVE EXPLOITED WIDE VAR. OF PATHWAYS; 2 EXTREMES - PROLONGED LECITHO. DEVEL W NO PELAG. STAGE; OTHER LONG PLANKTOTROPHIC DEVEL W 2 PELAG STAGES W LONG LIVED OCEANIC LARV. BETWEEN ARE INTERMED MODES W TROCH \& JUVINILE; GOOD QUESTION IS COORELATION BETWE DEVEL. PATT. \& ZOOGEO DIST. OF SPP. OTHER PROBL; REGULATORY MECHAN. GOVERN DEVEL PROCESSES; HORMONAL?? METAMORPH \& SETTLEMENT...; PART 3E; METAM OF PELAGEOSPH..},
	pages = {263-280},
	publisher = {Oxford \& IBH},
	organization = {Oxford \& IBH},
	address = {Kerala},
	keywords = {reproduction},
	author = {Rice, M. E.},
	editor = {Adiyodi, K. G. and Adiyodi, R. G.}
}
@article {532,
	title = {Observations on the ecology and reproduction of the sipunculan Phascolion cryptus in the Indian River Lagoon __________________},
	journal = {Florida Scientist},
	volume = {46},
	number = {3/4},
	year = {1983},
	note = {@ MOST ABUNDANT SIP IN INDIAN RIVER LAGOON - P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUS - MONTHLY BASIS FROM JUNE 76-MAY 77. LIVE IN EMPTY GASTRO SHELLS IN SHALLOW WATER IN DENSITY OF 667-3,856/M2 9KM NORTH OF FORT P INLET. COMMON IN SHELLS OF 5 SPP... REPRO ACTIV ESTIMATED BY STAGE OF COELOMIC GAMETES \& SPAWNING IN THE LAB. REPRODUCTIVE THRU THE YEAR WITH TREND FOR HIGHER ACTIVITY NOV-MAY. JUVIN WERE 37-58\% OF POPUL IN WINTER, SPRING \& SUMMER, DOWN TO 16\% IN FALL.},
	pages = {382-396},
	keywords = {ecology, p{\textquoteright}lion cryptus, reproduction},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Piraino, J. and Reichardt, H. F.}
}
@inbook {518,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Oogenesis, Oviposition and Oosorption},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {283-296},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	keywords = {development},
	author = {Rice, M. E.},
	editor = {Adiyodi, K. G. and Adiyodi, R. G.}
}
@article {531,
	title = {Distribution of Sipuncula in the coral reef community, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize},
	journal = {Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {311-320},
	keywords = {coral community},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and MacIntyre, I. G.}
}
@article {513,
	title = {Larval development and metamorphosis in Sipuncula},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1976},
	note = {@ BRIEF REVIEW OF DEVEL.IN SIPS - 4 PATTERNS; 1. DIRECT W NO PELAG STAGE; 2. ONE LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE; 3. 2 LARV STG, A LECI TROCH \& LECI PELAGO; 4. 2 LARV. STG., LECI TROCH \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA. LARV. TYPES \& THEIR METAMORPH DESCRIBED, SPECIAL ATTENTION TO DEVEL \& MORPH OF LARV CUTICLE. IN MOST SPP STUDIED THE EGG ENVILOPE TRANSFORMED TO LARV CUTI AT METAMOR OF TROCH. SURF. PAPS ON MANY PELAGO LARV., DIVERSE FORMS; UNDERLYING CUTI OF LAYERS OF FIBERS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER.},
	pages = {563-571},
	keywords = {cuticle, development, LARVAE},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {692,
	title = {Larval development and metamorphosis in Sipuncula},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1976},
	note = {@ BRIEF REVIEW OF DEVEL.IN SIPS - 4 PATTERNS; 1. DIRECT W NO PELAG STAGE; 2. ONE LECITHOTROPHIC TROCHOPHORE; 3. 2 LARV STG, A LECI TROCH \& LECI PELAGO; 4. 2 LARV. STG., LECI TROCH \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA. LARV. TYPES \& THEIR METAMORPH DESCRIBED, SPECIAL ATTENTION TO DEVEL \& MORPH OF LARV CUTICLE. IN MOST SPP STUDIED THE EGG ENVILOPE TRANSFORMED TO LARV CUTI AT METAMOR OF TROCH. SURF. PAPS ON MANY PELAGO LARV., DIVERSE FORMS; UNDERLYING CUTI OF LAYERS OF FIBERS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER.},
	pages = {563-571},
	keywords = {cuticle, development, LARVAE},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@proceedings {777,
	title = {A note on mutualism between sipunculans and Scleractinian corals},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {305-311},
	publisher = {Naucno Delo Press, Belgrade},
	author = {Yonge, C. M.},
	editor = {Rice, M. E. and Todorovic, M.}
}
@inbook {510,
	title = {Observations on the development of six species of Caribbean Sipuncula with a review of development in the phylum},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium of Sipuncula and Echiura},
	year = {1975},
	note = {KOTOR PROC 15 SPP IN 7 GENERA DEVEL REVIEWED... 6 CARIB. SPP REPORTED FOR FIRSDT TIME. ASP.FISCHERI, P{\textquoteright}LION CRYPTUS, PH*. ANTILLL, PH. PERLUCENS, PH. VARIANS, TH. ALUT. 4 PATTERNS DEFINED: 1. DIRECT WITH NO PELAGIC STAGE 2. ONE PELAGIC STAGE - TROCHOPHORE 3. TWO PELAGIC STAGES - TROCH \& LECITHOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA, 4. TWO PELAGIC STAGES - TROCH \& PLANKTOTROPHIC PELAGOSPHERA PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF DEVEL. PATT. ARE DISCUSSED. *MOST REPEATED IN LATER STUFF - RETURN IF YOU NEED DETAILS *SOME PHYLOGENETIC COMMENTS- ESSENTIALLY A SEPARATE GROUP RELATED TO COMMON ANCESTOR OF ANNELIDS AND MOLLUSCS - NON SEGM. LARVAE \& PELAGOSPH LARV. UNIQUE.},
	pages = {141-160},
	publisher = {Naucno Delo Press},
	organization = {Naucno Delo Press},
	address = {Belgrade},
	keywords = {development},
	author = {Rice, M. E.},
	editor = {Rice, M. E. and Todorovic, M.}
}
@inbook {335,
	title = {A review of the genus Phascolion (Sipuncula) with the descriptions of two new species from the Western Atlantic},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the international symposium on the biology of the Sipuncula and Echiura},
	year = {1975},
	note = {KOTOR PROC REVIEWED GENERIC CHARACTERS - LOTS OF VARIABILITY - DUE TO INDIVIDUAL{\textquoteright}S ECOLOGY... 2 NEW SPP; P. CRYPTUS \& P. CAUPO; *MOST OF THIS WE DEALT WITH IN OUR REVISION PAPER...},
	pages = {117-140},
	publisher = {Naucno Delo Press},
	organization = {Naucno Delo Press},
	address = {Belgrade},
	author = {Hendrix, G. Y.},
	editor = {Rice, M. E. and Todorovic, M.}
}
@inbook {511,
	title = {Survey of the Sipuncula of the coral and beach rock communities of the Caribbean Sea},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium of Sipuncula and Echiura},
	year = {1975},
	pages = {35-49},
	publisher = {Naucno Delo Press},
	organization = {Naucno Delo Press},
	address = {Belgrade},
	keywords = {coral community},
	author = {Rice, M. E.},
	editor = {Rice, M. E. and Todorovic, M.}
}
@inbook {512,
	title = {Sipuncula},
	booktitle = {Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates},
	year = {1975},
	note = {@ CHAPT. OF 1975 BOOK; MORE REHASH BUT PERHAPS MORE COMPLETE THAN SOME OTHERS? MARG. L. READ. 4.1 INTRO 4.2 ASEXUAL - 2 SPP, ASP BROCKI (RICE 70) DAUGHTER 1/5 OF PARENT..FIGS; SUMMARY - 15\% OF POPUL THEREFORE {\textquoteright}NATURAL.- SEXUAL REPRO NOT OBSERVED ALTHO GONADS SEEN. 2ND SP IS S.ROBUSTUS - RAJULU - TRANSV. FISSION. ONLY UNDER STRESS.. REGENERATION 4.3.1 SEXUAL REPRO / DIMORPHISM - CAN{\textquoteright}T TELL BUT COLOR OF GAMETES SOMETIMES SEEN - CAN ALSO WITHDRAW GAMETES. 4.3.2 HERMAPH; G.MINUTA ONLY; PROTANDROUS; UNEXPLAINED PREDOM OF FEMALE - G. ELONG, VULG, MINUTA KEF 1883 200/200 FEMALES ETC. 60/1, 50/37 MALE/FEM 4.3.3. ANATOMY OF REPRO SYST.; NARROW DIGITATE BAND OF TISSUE ALONG BASE OF VENT. RETS.. MAY DISAPPEAR; IN PERITONEAL SHEATH \& SUSPENDED BY PERIT MESENT; AT DISTAL END GAMETES MORE MATURE; N{\textquoteright}PORE \& N{\textquoteright}STOME AS OPENINGS FOR GAMETES; 4.3.4. ORIGIN OF GERM CELLS - NO DATA; ?FROM PERITON?? RETROPERITON 4.3.5.1 CYTODIFFERENTIATION OF OVARIAN OOCYTES; OO{\textquoteright} RELEASED AT DIPLOTENE OF PROPH.1; 7 REGIONS OF OV. OF G.VULG (FIG. FROM ?GANS) 1956A; CHROMO SPIRALIZED \& TETRADS FORMED... AGASS; GANS, 56 MOST EXHAUSTIVE STUDY; FIG.6 -STAGES OF COEL DIFFER FOLLICLE CELLS PRESENT BUT DETACHED AT DIFF POINTS; BLEBS... MAY SEE SOME POLARITY; SOME BILATERALITY; ?FLATTENING; MICROVILLI, EGG ENVEL IS MUCOPROT.; FIG.8 EM OF ENVEL; FIG.9 GROWTH OF LAYERS..; MITOCHONDRIA, VESICLES, GRANULES, RUFF ER...; RESPIR/METAB PEAKS DURING YOLK FORMATION...; LIPID SPHERES; SHAPE SPHERE/OVAL/FLAT; 4.3.5.3 DIFFER{\textquoteright}TION OF MALE GAMETES; VERY LITTLE KNOWN; CLUSTERS > SPLIT APART LATE; LOW ACROSOMAL CAPS BUT THIS VARIES ? MAYBE AS PER EGG MEMB /JELLY COAT? 4.3.6. GAMETOGENIC CYCLE - 4 SPP. G.VULG / T. PUGG / PH. AGAS; ALL FROM TEMP. H2O; P.LURCO TOO; VULG IN FR. JUNE-SEPT SPAWN; T.PUGG OCT-DEC SPAWN; SAME SEQUENCE OF CHANGES BUT DIFF TIMING; PH.AG. IN SAN JUAN JUNE-AUG; IN MONTERAY MAR-MAY; (SIZE OF OOCYTES OVER TIME - FIGS) BUT GROW ALL YEAR LONG / NOT 1ST TWO; PH.ARCUATUM DEC-FEB IN AUSTRAL \& LACKS ANY KIND OF GAMETES FOR 2 MONTHS \& SPERM ONLY PRESENT FOR A FEW MONTHS; 4.3.7. FACTORS INFLU GAM{\textquoteright}GENESIS; ?NEUROSECRETORY SUBST? EXOGENOUS FACTORS E.G. TEMP/PHOTOPER ETC SUGGESTED; SOME TROPICAL SP. MAY BREED ALL YEAR? 2 POPS OF PH.AG. DIFF TIMES; 4.3.8. SPAWNING \& BREEDING PERIODS; NEPH SWELL \& WORMS MORE ACTIVE; SYNCHRONY IMPORTANT - HYPOTHESIS ONLY; SEE RICE.MON FOR MORE**},
	pages = {67-127},
	publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},
	organization = {Academic Press Inc.},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Rice, M. E.}
}
@article {530,
	title = {A preliminary study of sipunculan burrows in rock thin sections},
	journal = {Caribbean Journal of Science},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1972},
	pages = {41-44},
	keywords = {coral boring},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and MacIntyre, I. G.}
}
@article {536,
	title = {The type specimens of Sipuncula and Echiura described by J.E. Gray and W. Baird in the collections of the British Museum of Natural History},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {1970},
	pages = {49-72},
	author = {Rice, M. E. and Stephen, A. C.}
}
